Arsenic geochemistry in geothermal systems

Ballantyne, J. M.; Moore, Joseph N.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90102-0

Cited by 233 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Arsenite concentrations and percentage As(III) of total As in the spring waters are highly variable (Table 1), as in other geothermal areas (Ballantyne and Moore, 1988), and probably reflect the degree to which the spring waters have been oxidized upon ascent to the surface by abiotic and biotic processes (cf., Langner et al, 2001). As(III) concentrations are highest in the highest temperature SPR1-6 group, and these are the lowest pH spring waters sampled (pH = 6.42-6.75).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Spring Watersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ballantyne and Moore (1988) pointed out, however, that such correlations should be examined with caution, since they reflect the common behavior of As and Cl in geothermal areas rather than common sources or chemical associations: Cl is generally derived from magmatic gaseous HCl, where as As is derived from host-rock leaching (Webster and Nordstrom, 2003). The San Antonio ratios suggest enrichment of As relative to Cl in SPR1-6, which has also been documented in Yellowstone National Park (Nordstrom et al, 2001), and was attributed to high CO 2 concentrations in the source waters.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Spring Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of As-, F- and B-bearing waters in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina, and implications for drinking and irrigation water quality

Hudson‐Edwards¹,

Archer²

2012

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Spring, stream and tap waters from in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Salta, Argentina, were sampled to characterize their geochemical signatures, and to determine whether they pose a threat to human health and crops. The spring waters are typical of geothermal areas world-wide, in that they are Na-Cl waters with high concentrations of As tot , As(III), Li, B, HCO 3 , F and SiO 2 (up to 9. 49, 8.92, 13.1, 56.6, 1250, 7.30 and 57.2 mg L -1 , respectively), and result from mixing of deep Na-Cl brines and meteoric HCO 3 -rich waters. Springs close to the town of San Antonio have higher concentrations of all elements, and are generally cooler, than springs in the Baños de Agua Caliente. Spring water chemistry is a result of mixing of deep Na-Cl brines and meteoric HCO 3 waters. Stream waters are also Na-Cl type, and receive large inputs of all elements from the springs near San Antonio, but concentrations decrease downstream through the town of San Antonio due to mineral precipitation. The spring that is used as a drinking water source, and other springs in the area, have As, F and B concentrations in excess of WHO and Argentinian drinking water guidelines. Evaluation of the waters for irrigation purposes suggests that their high salinities and B concentrations may adversely affect crops. The waters may be improved for drinking and irrigation by dilution with cleaner meteoric waters, mineral 2 precipitation or by use of commercial filters. Such recommendations could also be followed by other settlements that draw drinking and irrigation waters from geothermal sources.

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Section: Characteristics Of Spring Watersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Characteristics Of Spring Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of As-, F- and B-bearing waters in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina, and implications for drinking and irrigation water quality

Hudson‐Edwards¹,

Archer²

2012

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…Given these uncertainties, our current simulations are intended to provide a qualitative evaluation of the possible chemical processes undertaken during the intrusion of H 2 S+CO 2 mixture; they cannot provide a quantitative prediction of mobilization of relevant chemical species. In the base-case model, a kinetic rate constant of 2.6×10 -12 mol m -2 s -1 is assumed for orpiment, which is rather slow given the fact that orpiment is typically observed to readily precipitate from natural sulfidic waters with elevated As concentrations (e.g., White, 1981;Ballantyne and Moore, 1988). Therefore, in this sensitivity run, orpiment is assumed to react at equilibrium, which represents the upper bound of reaction rate, to examine how the precipitation of orpiment affects the concentration of arsenic.…”

Section: Sensitivity To the Kinetic Rate Of Orpimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Studies on the Transport of Benzene and H2S in CO2-Water Systems

Zheng¹,

Spycher²,

Xu³

et al. 2010

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“…As shown in Figure 11, the slope values decreased as the arsenic content in the pyrites increased. This trend may be due to the reactivity of As rich pyrite (Ballentyne and Moore, 1988;Cook and Chryssoulis, 1990;Huston et al, 1995), in which the nonstoichiometric sites may serve as solid catalysts to accelerate the oxidation of Fe 2+ . Although higher total amounts of impurities in the pyrites clearly accelerated the oxidation of Fe 2+ , the reason for the acceleration remains to be determined.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of rate laws for the oxidation of five pyrites by dissolved oxygen in acidic solution

Manaka

2007

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

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Pyrites from five localities were oxidized with dissolved oxygen (DO) in acidic solution at 298 K. The objective of this study was to compare the oxidation rates of pyrite samples with different impurity contents. Initial conditions were a solution pH adjusted to approximately 4 and air saturation. DO, Fe 2+ , Fe(III) (as Fe 3+ and Fe(III) OH complexes), and SO 4 2− concentrations in the experimental solutions were periodically measured along with pH and redox potential (Eh). On the basis of the relationship between DO concentration and reaction duration, the rate laws for the oxidation of the pyrites were obtained. The rate laws differed for the various pyrites and can be expressed as follows:where the unit of oxidation rate is mol m ), t is time (s), k is a rate constant at pH ~ 4, and n is the reaction order (0.5 1). The differences in the rate laws were due to differences in the oxidation rates of Fe 2+ during the oxidation of the pyrites, and the differences in the oxidation rates of Fe 2+ were related to the occurrence of impurities in the pyrites. Oxidation of Fe 2+ was accelerated by increases in the total amount of impurities in the pyrite. Precipitation of the Fe 3+ produced during the reaction was promoted by increased amounts of arsenic in the pyrites.

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Arsenic geochemistry in geothermal systems

Cited by 233 publications

References 21 publications

Geochemistry of As-, F- and B-bearing waters in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina, and implications for drinking and irrigation water quality

Geochemistry of As-, F- and B-bearing waters in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina, and implications for drinking and irrigation water quality

Modeling Studies on the Transport of Benzene and H2S in CO2-Water Systems

Comparison of rate laws for the oxidation of five pyrites by dissolved oxygen in acidic solution

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