Arsenic in Natural Environments

Henke, Kevin R.

doi:10.1002/9780470741122.ch3

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 363 publications

(708 reference statements)

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“…There is therefore a general consensus that where Fe(III)(oxyhydr)oxides form, they coprecipitate As in its +3 and +5 oxidation states (Cullen and Reimer 1989; Smedley and Kinniburgh 2002; Henke et al 2009; Kilias et al 2013; Chi Fru et al 2015a; Hemmingsson et al 2018). The increase in Fe(III)(oxyhydr)oxides precipitation from the white-capped hydrothermal center to the bordering sand-capped sediment, counterbalanced by a drop in sulfide production (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and high affinity phosphate uptake gene distribution in shallow submarine hydrothermal sediments

et al. 2018

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The toxicity of arsenic (As) towards life on Earth is apparent in the dense distribution of genes associated with As detoxification across the tree of life. The ability to defend against As is particularly vital for survival in As-rich shallow submarine hydrothermal ecosystems along the Hellenic Volcanic Arc (HVA), where life is exposed to hydrothermal fluids containing up to 3000 times more As than present in seawater. We propose that the removal of dissolved As and phosphorus (P) by sulfide and Fe(III)(oxyhydr)oxide minerals during sediment–seawater interaction, produces nutrient-deficient porewaters containing < 2.0 ppb P. The porewater arsenite-As(III) to arsenate-As(V) ratios, combined with sulfide concentration in the sediment and/or porewater, suggest a hydrothermally-induced seafloor redox gradient. This gradient overlaps with changing high affinity phosphate uptake gene abundance. High affinity phosphate uptake and As cycling genes are depleted in the sulfide-rich settings, relative to the more oxidizing habitats where mainly Fe(III)(oxyhydr)oxides are precipitated. In addition, a habitat-wide low As-respiring and As-oxidizing gene content relative to As resistance gene richness, suggests that As detoxification is prioritized over metabolic As cycling in the sediments. Collectively, the data point to redox control on Fe and S mineralization as a decisive factor in the regulation of high affinity phosphate uptake and As cycling gene content in shallow submarine hydrothermal ecosystems along the HVA.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10533-018-0500-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and high affinity phosphate uptake gene distribution in shallow submarine hydrothermal sediments

et al. 2018

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“…It can be found under organic and inorganic forms, being the inorganic the most toxic and prevalent in drinking water and aquatic environments . The natural sources of As contamination in groundwater is often originated from the mobilization of natural deposits in rocks, sediments, soils, and geothermal water . However, As contamination occurs mainly through a variety of anthropogenic activities, such as industry activity, copper smelting, As‐bearing pesticides and herbicide and mining .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Medeiros

Samelo

Silva

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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For the first time, juvenile toxicity of inorganic arsenic (As) was investigated in male rats, focusing on reproductive effects. As is a metalloid naturally occurring in the environment, being the inorganic forms the most toxics. Contaminated drinking water and agricultural products are the main prospectors of intoxication for general population. In the present study, Wistar male rats (21 days old) were distributed into three groups (n = 10/group): control (received vehiclefiltered drinking water), As1 (received AsNaO 2 at 0.01 mg L −1 ) and As2 (received AsNaO 2 at 10 mg L −1 ). The animals were euthanized on PND 53. Testicular damages increased in As1 and As2 compared to control (ie, presence of vacuolization, acidophilic cells, and epithelium degeneration). Testicular interstitium of As1 and As2 presented fluid's increase and intense inflammatory infiltration. In the epididymis there was reduction of sperm amount in the lumen, besides epithelium areas presenting cribriform aspect in As1 and As2, exfoliation of cells in the light (in As1) and vacuoles (in As2). In epididymis interstitium, inflammatory infiltrates were observed in initial segment of As1 and As2. AsNaO 2 changed immunolabeling pattern for androgen receptor in epididymis of As2, although serum testosterone levels was statistically comparable to control. Mass spectrometry revealed higher As concentrations in testis and epididymis of As2 compared to As1 and Control. These results indicate compromise of spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in AsNaO 2 -treated animals, possibly impairing sperm quality and fertility in long-term, even at low levels of exposure. Investigations about the reversibility of reproductive damages are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of As reproductive toxicity. K E Y W O R D Sexperimental study, histopathology, juvenile toxicity, metalloid 1 | INTRODUCTION Arsenic (As) is an element occurring naturally in the environment, chemically classified as metalloid. It can be found under organic and inorganic forms, being the inorganic the most toxic and prevalent in drinking water and aquatic environments. 1,2 The natural sources of As contamination in groundwater is often originated from the mobilization of natural deposits in rocks, sediments, soils, and geothermal water. 3 However, As contamination occurs mainly through a variety of anthropogenic activities, such as industry activity, copper smelting, As-bearing pesticides and herbicide and mining. 4 It is estimated that approximately 150 million people around the world are affected by increasing concentrations of As in drinking water. 5 In this concern, unintentional As exposure of populations from Bangladesh,

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“…− at the pH range of 2.0-6.0 [25]. erefore, increasing the initial concentration of proton in aqueous solutions increased the level of As(V) removal under acid conditions, ranging from pH 2.0 to 6.8. e highest removal efficiency was 86.3 and 62.3% for FMBC at the condition of pH < 6.0 and pH > 6.0, respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of Initial Solution Phmentioning

confidence: 89%

Synthesis of Iron-Modified Biochar Derived from Rice Straw and Its Application to Arsenic Removal

Nguyen

Phạm

Thi

et al. 2019

Journal of Chemistry

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A novel iron-modified biochar (FMBC) derived from rice straw was synthesized using FeCl3 modification for efficient As(V) removal from aqueous solution. FTIR and SEM-EDX analyses were carried out to determine the mechanism involved in the removal process and also demonstrated that Fe had loaded successfully on the surface of modified biochar. The iron-modified biochar showed higher arsenic removal ability than the raw biochar. The iron-modified biochar showed a maximum adsorption with an initial solution pH of 5.0. Moreover, for the tested biochar, the As(V) removal kinetics data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the As(V) removal data upon being well fitted by the Langmuir model showed the maximal removal capacity of 28.49 mg/g. The simple preparation process and high adsorption performance suggest that the iron-modified biochar derived from rice straw could be served as an effective, inexpensive, and environmentally sustainable adsorbent to replace typical granular activated carbon (AC) for As(III) removal from aqueous solution.

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Arsenic in Natural Environments

Cited by 29 publications

References 363 publications

Arsenic and high affinity phosphate uptake gene distribution in shallow submarine hydrothermal sediments

Arsenic and high affinity phosphate uptake gene distribution in shallow submarine hydrothermal sediments

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Synthesis of Iron-Modified Biochar Derived from Rice Straw and Its Application to Arsenic Removal

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