Artemisia abrotanum and Symphytum officinale Polyphenolic Compounds-Rich Extracts with Potential Application in Diabetes Management

Abstract

Lately, there has been increased interest in the development of phytochemical alternatives for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, the alternatives that are able to reduce or prevent glucose absorption by inhibiting digestive enzymes. In this context, this study aims to analyze the inhibitory α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities of Artemisia abrotanum and Symphytum officinale polyphenolic compound-rich extracts obtained by membrane technologies (micro- and ultrafiltration). Polyphenols and flavones content, HPLC-MS polyphenolic compounds profiling, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic potential of these herbs were determined. Major phenolic acid compounds were chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid. The flavone content was higher in the case of A. abrotanum extracts, and the major compounds were rutin and umbelliferone. The polyphenolic-rich extract of A. abrotanum had the highest quantities of polyphenols, 977.75 µg/mL, and flavones, 552.85 µg/mL, as well as a pronounced α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50 1881.21 ± 1.8 mg/mL), a value close to acarbose inhibitory activity (IC50 1110.25 ± 8.82 mg/mL) that was used as the control for both enzymes. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was higher for both herb extracts, more pronounced for S. officinale polyphenolic-rich extract (IC50 291.56 ± 2.1 mg/mL), a value higher than that of acarbose (IC50 372.35 ± 3.2 mg/mL). These plants show potential as a complementary therapy for type 2 diabetes management.

Evaluating the Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Medicago sativa and Solidago virgaurea Polyphenolic-Rich Extracts

“…The α-amylase inhibition analysis was achieved according to our previous study [ 56 ]. Briefly, 100 μL of the extracts was added to 250 μL α-amylase from hog pancreas (EC 3.2.1.1) solution in phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) and was maintained at 37 °C for 20 min.…”

Evaluation of the Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Properties of Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids-Rich Extracts of Medicago sativa and Solidago virgaurea

“…The HPLC was coupled to a mass spectrometer detector, LCMS-2010 with an ESI interface using negative ionization mode and the following parameters: detector voltage, 1.8 kV; interface voltage 4 kV; heat block temperature, 200°C; CDL temperature, 200°C; interface temperature, 250°C and nebulization gas (N2) flow rate, 1.5 L min -1 . A previously developed HPLC-MS method [26,27] was used for the identification and quantification of polyphenol compounds, and analyses were performed on a Kromasil 100-5-C18 2.1x150 mm column and with an elution gradient of mobile phase (solvent A, formic acid in water, pH=3 and solvent B, formic acid in MeCN, pH=3) and a gradient of flow rate. The selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used and the corresponding peaks of the compound fragment ions ([M-H] -: 163, 169, 179, 253, 267, 269, 271, 283, 285, 301, 315, 317 353, 431, 447, 463, and 609) were obtained for quantitative analysis.…”

LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of Symphytum anatolicum

“…The extracts of S. anatolicum roots exhibited antioxidant activity and protective effects against tyrosinase and α-amylase [14], aerial parts of S. anatolicum showed a high inhibitory capacity, especially against acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase enzymes [15,16]. S. anatolicum is also used in wound healing and the treatment of sprains and bruises [5].…”