Arterial infection

Infected Aortic Aneurysms

“…Vascular infections with infected aneurysm formation generally have four types of etiologies according to Wilson's classification [4,6]: (1) aneurysm formation after microbial arteritis due to bacteremia or local infection invasion, (2) posttraumatic infected pseudoaneurysms, which were usually related to drug abuse in the past and with increased incidence with the use of endovascular procedures [24] (3) infection of preexisting aneurysms, and (4) infected (mycotic) aneurysm resulting from infective endocarditis-related septic emboli (as described by Sir Osler) [1]. The intima of the arterial structure is normally resistant to infection; however, the presence of injury or pathological change makes it vulnerable to microorganisms, especially Staphylococcus and Salmonella species [25,26].…”

“…An infected aneurysm, commonly known as "mycotic aneurysm", is an abnormal dilatation of the artery associated with an infectious process [1][2][3][4][5]. In 1885, Sir William Osler first used the term "mycotic aneurysm" to describe multiple bead-like aneurysms of the aortic arch, resulting from suppuration in vessel wall in one patient with infective endocarditis-related aortic valve vegetations [1].…”

“…Currently, mycotic aneurysm is widely accepted as synonymous with infected aneurysm, describing all kinds of infected aneurysms with different etiologies, but not only those caused by septic emboli from a cardiac origin [6]. Moreover, the majority of infected (mycotic) aneurysms is caused by bacteria, but not fungus [4]. In this chapter, we will discuss in detail and review the current literatures about infected aneurysm, and we will present the authors' institutional experience of infected aneurysms involving the aorta.…”

Aortitis

“…The term mycotic aortic aneurysm was coined by Wilson in 1984 to describe an aneurysm developed on a previous unaffected aorta following an infective embolus originating from a valve endocarditis [ 60 ]; today it encompasses all aneurysms that develop as a complication of infective aortitis. Its incidence is rare, representing only 0.7-2.6 % of all aortic aneurysms, most frequently localized at the abdominal segment, followed by the descending thoracic aorta [ 61 , 62 ].…”

Aortic Infection with Visceral Artery Involvement in the Endovascular Era: Treatment Options

“…Every vessel may be involved, and patients are often immunosuppressed by their underlying condition [2,3,6,11,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. For all these reasons, the multidisciplinary approach seems to be the best strategy to manage this complex condition.…”