Arterial stiffness, carotid artery intima-media thickness and plasma myeloperoxidase level in children with type 1 diabetes

Heilman, Kaire; Zilmer, Mihkel; Zilmer, Kersti; Lintrop, Mare; Kampus, Priit; Kals, Jaak; Tillmann, Vallo

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.01.014

Cited by 87 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Since elevated levels of MPO have been observed in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (11,24), and cyanate is produced under physiological conditions from MPO, the findings in the present study suggest the possible involvement of cyanate or a cyanate-mediated as yet unidentified carbamylated protein in the development or progression of diabetic complications in cardiovascular disease. Further studies would elucidate the underlying inhibitory mechanisms of cyanate on insulin secretion and identify the involved proteins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

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Cyanate attenuates insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic β cells

2012

Mol Med Report

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Abstract. The vast majority of long-term complications in transplanted patients are associated with cardiovascular disease. Previously, an alternative and dominant mechanism for cyanate formation in atherosclerotic lesions has been discovered. This study was designed to determine the effect of cyanate on insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic β cells (INS-1 cells). The cytotoxicity of cyanate was determined by 3-(4,5-Desethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Insulin secretion was measured by ELISA in cyanatetreated INS-1 cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also determined by measuring the fluorescent oxidized product of 2,7-dichlorefluorescein in cyanate-treated INS-1 cells. FACS analysis was carried out to determine the effect of cyanate on the apoptosis of INS-1 cells. Firstly, we found that cyanate, within concentration ranges in which no cytotoxic effect was observed (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mM), decreased insulin secretion dose-dependently in both non-glucose-stimulated and glucose-stimulated INS-1 cells. Cyanate at a 1.0 mM concentration inhibited insulin secretion by more than 50% in non-glucose-stimulated cells and glucose (5 and 10 mM)-stimulated cells. Cyanate, however, did not affect ROS generation. Furthermore, no pro-or anti-apoptotic effect was observed in cyanate-treated INS-1 cells. The results in this study suggest the possible inhibitory effect of cyanate on insulin secretion in INS-1 pancreatic β cells. The inhibitory effect was not mediated either by ROS generation or by apoptosis. Further studies to determine the underlying mechanisms will be of benefit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Elevated levels of MPO have been observed in both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (11). The role of MPO-generated cyanate, however, is largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanate attenuates insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic β cells

2012

Mol Med Report

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“…employed this methodology, [40][41][42][43][44] and findings from this study support the need to generate reference values relevant to children. The finding that HbA 1c loaded onto the adiposity factor, while FBG loaded onto the vascular factor, is consistent with research identifying that the these two variables reflect different underlying physiological constructs, with FBG reflecting short-term glycemic control 16 and HbA 1c reflecting chronic glycemic control.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiessupporting

confidence: 54%

Cardio-metabolic Risk Variables In Pre-adolescent Children - A Factor Analysis

Stoner

Weatherall

Castro

et al. 2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Background--Atherosclerosis begins during preadolescence and is occurring at an accelerated rate. This acceleration has been linked to poor lifestyle behaviors and subsequent cardiometabolic complications. Although the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors has been recognized for over 2 decades, previous studies in children have predominantly examined the relationships between atherosclerosis and individual cardiometabolic risk factors or have grouped together preadolescent and adolescent children. Further, no known studies have included glycated hemoglobin or central hemodynamic measures such as central systolic blood pressure and augmentation index.

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“…Twelve studies were identified and examined to determine whether normalizing AIx to HR influences the interpretation of the findings (Table 1). Eight studies reported significantly improved between-group/condition differences using the AIx@75 versus the AIx alone [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] , two studies reported no significant differences using the AIx but a significant difference using AIx@75 30,31) , one study reported a decrease in significance using the AIx@75 32) and one study reported a change in the direction of the effect 33) . Given these findings, careful interpretation of the physiological significance of normalization to HR is warranted.…”

Section: Validity Of the Aix And Influence Of Normalization To Hrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should the Augmentation Index be Normalized to Heart Rate?

Stoner

Faulkner

Lowe

et al. 2014

JAT

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Pulse wave analysis (PWA) is widely used to investigate systemic arterial stiffness. The augmentation index (AIx), the primary outcome derived from PWA, is influenced by the mean arterial pressure (MAP), age, gender and heart rate (HR). Gender-and age-specific reference values have been devised, and it is recommended that the MAP be used as a statistical covariate. The AIx is also commonly statistically adjusted to a HR of 75 b·min; however, this approach may be physiologically and statistically inappropriate. First, there appears to be an important physiological chronic interaction between HR and arterial stiffness. Second, the method used to correct to HR assumes that the relationship with AIx is uniform across populations. A more appropriate practice may be to include HR as an independent predictor or covariate; this approach is particularly recommended for longitudinal studies, in which changes in HR may help to explain changes in arterial stiffness.

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Arterial stiffness, carotid artery intima-media thickness and plasma myeloperoxidase level in children with type 1 diabetes

Cited by 87 publications

References 29 publications

Cyanate attenuates insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic β cells

Cyanate attenuates insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic β cells

Cardio-metabolic Risk Variables In Pre-adolescent Children - A Factor Analysis

Should the Augmentation Index be Normalized to Heart Rate?

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