Arteriovenous malformation of the scrotum: Is preoperative angioembolization a necessity?

Zachariah, Jewel Raj; Gupta, Ashish Kumar; Lamba, Shashank

doi:10.4103/0970-1591.102716

Cited by 15 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These features allow differentiation from varicoceles, in which only venous flow are recorded [ 174 ]. Arteriovenous malformations appear at MRI as a tangle of abnormal vessels, frequently with internal flow voids on both T1- and T2-weighted images produced by high-velocity flow [ 175 ].…”

Section: Systematic Review To Address Question 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG Guidelines and Recommendations

et al. 2020

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Although often asymptomatic and detected incidentally, varicocele is a relatively common problem in patients who seek medical attention for infertility problems. Ultrasound (US) is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation, but there is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria, classification, and examination technique. In view of this uncertainty, the Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR-SPIWG) undertook a systematic review of the available literature on this topic, to use as the basis for evidence-based guidelines and recommendations. This paper provides the results of the systematic review on which guidelines were constructed.

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Section: Systematic Review To Address Question 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG Guidelines and Recommendations

et al. 2020

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“…The most common presentation was swelling or infiltrating mass [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], followed by pain [4,5,11,13,16,17], and bleeding or ulceration [3-5, 8, 11, 14]. Infertility was the primary presentation in few cases [7,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRI was used in some cases to confirm the diagnosis [13]. CTA is a helpful method to diagnose the lesion but not effective for establishing the management [15]; therefore, DSA is still the golden standard.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angioembolization of Scrotal Arteriovenous Malformations: A Case Report and Literature Review

Mohammad

Sahyouni

Almeree

et al. 2020

Case Reports in Vascular Medicine

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Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the scrotum are rare lesions, usually diagnosed incidentally during the evaluation of scrotal masses or infertility. It could be presented with acute bleeding or acute pain. We are presenting a case of painless bilateral infiltrated scrotal mass (more advanced in the left side) developed dramatically over a year, no other symptoms existed. The diagnosis was made using duplex ultrasound (DUS), computed tomography arteriography (CTA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Three sessions of angioembolization were performed and followed by surgical resection of the left side of the scrotum.

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“…Scrotal arteriovenous malformations are rare vascular malformations consisting of enlarged tangles of abnormal arteries and draining veins without an intervening capillary bed. There are a small number of case reports in the literature describing scrotal arteriovenous malformations, most of which were found during workup for a scrotal mass or in patients with infertility, although a few patients presented with active bleeding (49). At MR imaging, the mass appears as a tangle of abnormal vessels, frequently with flow voids seen on both T1-and T2-weighted images.…”

Section: Scrotummentioning

confidence: 91%

MR Imaging of the Penis and Scrotum

et al. 2015

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Traditionally, due to its low cost, ready availability, and proved diagnostic accuracy, ultrasonography (US) has been the primary imaging modality for the evaluation of scrotal and, to a lesser extent, penile disease. However, US is limited by its relatively small useful field of view, operator dependence, and inability to provide much information on tissue characterization. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with its excellent soft-tissue contrast and good spatial resolution, is increasingly being used as both a problem-solving tool in patients who have already undergone US and as a primary modality for the evaluation of suspected disease. Specifically, MR imaging can aid in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions seen at US, help define the extent of inflammatory processes or traumatic injuries, and play a vital role in locoregional staging of tumors. Consequently, it is becoming more important for radiologists to be familiar with the wide range of penile and scrotal disease entities and their MR imaging appearances. The authors review the basic anatomy of the penis and scrotum as seen at MR imaging and provide a basic protocol for penile and scrotal imaging, with emphasis on the advantages of MR imaging. Pathologic processes are organized into traumatic (including penile fracture and contusion), infectious or inflammatory (including Fournier gangrene and scrotal abscess), and neoplastic (including both benign and malignant scrotal and penile tumors) processes.

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Arteriovenous malformation of the scrotum: Is preoperative angioembolization a necessity?

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG Guidelines and Recommendations

Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG Guidelines and Recommendations

Angioembolization of Scrotal Arteriovenous Malformations: A Case Report and Literature Review

MR Imaging of the Penis and Scrotum

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