Arteriovenous malformation of the uterus associated with secondary postpartum hemorrhage

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Sonographic features and management options of uterine arteriovenous malformation. Six cases report

“…These include an ill-defined uterine mass consisting of mildly echogenic tissue that is interspersed with multiple hypoechogenic spaces of varying sizes [8]. Color Doppler improves the diagnostic ability of sonography [9]. The typical finding on Color Doppler ultrasonography is a tangle of tortuous vessels with a multidirectional, high-velocity and turbulent flow.…”

Retroperitoneal hematoma — a rare complication after cervical conization because of cervicoisthmic arteriovenous malformation: a case report

“…Steinfeld and Haddock [7] reported on peritonitis, while Treszezamsky et al [8] reported extrapelvic abscess of the lung and liver due to postoperative sepsis following conization. Uterine vascular malformations are extremely rare and are associated with massive vaginal hemorrhage (hypermenorrhea, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, bleeding polyps and myomas, postpartum bleeding), comorbidity (perinatal loss), and a high incidence of operative procedures such as hysterectomies, particularly in undetected cases [3,[9][10][11][12]. Two types of AVM have been identified: congenital and acquired; the latter results mostly from previous iatrogenic manipulations of the cervicoisthmic region.…”

“…These abnormalities generally remain unrecognized and are detected accidentally during therapeutic procedures (dilatation and curettage), diagnostic procedures, or a histopathologic analysis. If detected by imaging methods (US color Doppler, MRI) prior to the scheduled procedure, selective embolization should be performed and the operative procedure should be reconsidered accordingly [11,12]. Long-term complications of conization may include cervical stenosis with hematotrachelos, hematometra and cervical endometriosis, urogenital and genitodigestive fistulas, and a higher incidence of obstetric complications such as late spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery.…”

Conservative Management of a Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation Diagnosed in Pregnancy

“…8,[10][11][12][13][14] In a study of 30 patients with uterine vascular malformations defined as an abnormal hypervascular area in the myometrium with turbulent flow, PSV values of greater than 83 cm/s were associated with higher probabilities of further treatment such as embolization, and no vascular malformations with PSV values of less than 39 cm/s required embolization. 15 Treatment of uterine venous malformations is usually performed with selective catheterization and percutaneous embolization with a wide variety of agents, [16][17][18][19] including coils, polyvinyl alcohol particles , gelatin sponges, microspheres, and isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate.…”