Artery buckling stimulates cell proliferation and NF-κB signaling

Xiao, Yonggui; Hayman, Danika M.; Khalafvand, Seyed Saeid; Lindsey, Merry L.; Han, Hugang

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00079.2014

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It is well accepted that atherosclerosis is related to abnormal flow and abnormal wall stress [11,12,38,39]. The wall stress alteration and changes in fluid shear stress in the buckled artery may induce arterial wall remodeling and atherogenesis [10,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of Carotid Artery Under Steady-State and Pulsatile Blood Flow: A Fluid–Structure Interaction Study

Khalafvand

Han

2015

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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It has been shown that arteries may buckle into tortuous shapes under lumen pressure, which in turn could alter blood flow. However, the mechanisms of artery instability under pulsatile flow have not been fully understood. The objective of this study was to simulate the buckling and post-buckling behaviors of the carotid artery under pulsatile flow using a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method. The artery wall was modeled as a nonlinear material with a two-fiber strain-energy function. FSI simulations were performed under steady-state flow and pulsatile flow conditions with a prescribed flow velocity profile at the inlet and different pressures at the outlet to determine the critical buckling pressure. Simulations were performed for normal (160 ml/min) and high (350 ml/min) flow rates and normal (1.5) and reduced (1.3) axial stretch ratios to determine the effects of flow rate and axial tension on stability. The results showed that an artery buckled when the lumen pressure exceeded a critical value. The critical mean buckling pressure at pulsatile flow was 17-23% smaller than at steady-state flow. For both steady-state and pulsatile flow, the high flow rate had very little effect (<5%) on the critical buckling pressure. The fluid and wall stresses were drastically altered at the location with maximum deflection. The maximum lumen shear stress occurred at the inner side of the bend and maximum tensile wall stresses occurred at the outer side. These findings improve our understanding of artery instability in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7. For comparison, a simulation is performed for an artery model of one-third of the vessel length that remains straight due to its short length [17,37]. The results are compared with the buckled artery at the same pressure, flow rate, and stretch ratio.…”

Section: Changes Of Stresses In the Arterial Wall Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Carotid Artery Under Steady-State and Pulsatile Blood Flow: A Fluid–Structure Interaction Study

Khalafvand

Han

2015

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…Third, the boundary conditions were simplified in the simulations with the two ends of the artery assumed to be fixed with no surrounding tissue support (Han 2009a; Han 2009b). Finally, we examined only the instant effect of buckling on wall stress, further work is needed to study the effects of buckling on blood flow and long-term wall remodeling (Xiao et al 2014; Zhang et al 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical instability of normal and aneurysmal arteries

Lee¹,

Sanyal²,

Xiao³

et al. 2014

Journal of Biomechanics

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Tortuous arteries associated with aneurysms have been observed in aged patients with atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of aneurysms on arterial buckling instability and the effect of buckling on aneurysm wall stress. We investigated the mechanical buckling and post-buckling behavior of normal and aneurysmal carotid arteries and aorta’s using computational simulations and experimental measurements to elucidate the interrelationship between artery buckling and aneurysms. Buckling tests were done in porcine carotid arteries with small aneurysms created using elastase treatment. Parametric studies were done for model aneurysms with orthotropic nonlinear elastic walls using finite element simulations. Our results demonstrated that arteries buckled at a critical buckling pressure and the post-buckling deflection increased nonlinearly with increasing pressure. The presence of an aneurysm can reduce the critical buckling pressure of arteries, although the effect depends on the aneurysm’s dimensions. Buckled aneurysms demonstrated a higher peak wall stress compared to unbuckled aneurysms under the same lumen pressure. We conclude that aneurysmal arteries are vulnerable to mechanical buckling and mechanical buckling could lead to high stresses in the aneurysm wall. Buckling could be a possible mechanism for the development of tortuous aneurysmal arteries such as in the Loeys-Dietz syndrome.

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“…Twenty-four hours prior to harvesting, the rats were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg bodyweight, Sigma-Aldrich) to label new proliferating cells (Xiao et al 2014; Qi et al 2016). After the animals were sacrificed, the left carotid arteries were harvested, cut into 5 μm frozen slides as described above and processed for BrdU staining (Wang et al 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the animals were sacrificed, the left carotid arteries were harvested, cut into 5 μm frozen slides as described above and processed for BrdU staining (Wang et al 2015). Cell proliferation was quantified by the ratio of the proliferating cells to counterstained all vascular cells (Xiao et al 2014; Wang et al 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial wall remodeling under sustained axial twisting in rats

Wang

Yang

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomechanics

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Blood vessels often experience torsion along their axes and it is essential to understand their biological responses and wall remodeling under torsion. To this end, a rat model was developed to investigate the arterial wall remodeling under sustained axial twisting in vivo. Rat carotid arteries were twisted at 180 degrees along the longitudinal axis through a surgical procedure and maintained for different durations up to 4 weeks. The wall remodeling in these twisted arteries was examined using histology, immunohistochemistry and fluorescent microscopy. Our data showed that arteries remodeled under twisting in a time-dependent manner during the 4 weeks post-surgery. Cell proliferation, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions, medial wall thickness and lumen diameter increased while collagen to elastin ratio decreased. While the size and number of internal elastic lamina fenestrae increased with elongated shapes, the endothelial cells elongated and aligned towards the blood flow direction gradually. These results demonstrated that sustained axial twisting results in artery remodeling in vivo. The rat carotid artery twisting model is an effective in vivo model for studying arterial wall remodeling under long-term torsion. These results enrich our understanding of vascular biology and arterial wall remodeling under mechanical stresses.

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Artery buckling stimulates cell proliferation and NF-κB signaling

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Stability of Carotid Artery Under Steady-State and Pulsatile Blood Flow: A Fluid–Structure Interaction Study

Stability of Carotid Artery Under Steady-State and Pulsatile Blood Flow: A Fluid–Structure Interaction Study

Mechanical instability of normal and aneurysmal arteries

Arterial wall remodeling under sustained axial twisting in rats

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