Artery-vein separation via MRA-An image processing approach

Abstract

This paper presents a near-automatic process for separating vessels from background and other clutter as well as for separating arteries and veins in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiographic (CE-MRA) image data, and an optimal method for three-dimensional visualization of vascular structures. The separation process utilizes fuzzy connected object delineation principles and algorithms. The first step of this separation process is the segmentation of the entire vessel structure from the background and other clutter via absolute fuzzy connectedness. The second step is to separate artery from vein within this entire vessel structure via iterative relative fuzzy connectedness. After seed voxels are specified inside artery and vein in the CE-MRA image, the small regions of the bigger aspects of artery and vein are separated in the initial iterations, and further detailed aspects of artery and vein are included in later iterations. At each iteration, the artery and vein compete among themselves to grab membership of each voxel in the vessel structure based on the relative strength of connectedness of the voxel in the artery and vein. This approach has been implemented in a software package for routine use in a clinical setting and tested on 133 CE-MRA studies of the pelvic region and two studies of the carotid system from six different hospitals. In all studies, unified parameter settings produced correct artery-vein separation. When compared with manual segmentation/separation, our algorithms were able to separate higher order branches, and therefore produced vastly more details in the segmented vascular structure. The total operator and computer time taken per study is on the average about 4.5 min. To date, this technique seems to be the only image processing approach that can be routinely applied for artery and vein separation.

An easy method to differentiate retinal arteries from veins by spectral domain optical coherence tomography: retrospective, observational case series

“…Previous literature for artery/vein classification of retinal blood vessels was based mainly on color fundus images [3,8,9,11,12,15,33,34]. Although other methodology, such as MRA was also used to separate arteries from veins, [35] it was more applicable for cerebral vessels. Our approach is not directly comparable to these publications.…”

Time-Resolved MR Angiography of the Legs at 3 T Using a Low Dose of Gadolinium: Initial Experience and Contrast Dynamics

“…This lag results in venous contamination of the bolus-chase MRA images of the legs [2–4] and reduces their diagnostic utility. A number of strategies such as subtraction techniques [5], venous compression [6, 7], alternate contrast bolus injection schemes [8, 9], data postprocessing [10, 11], and parallel imaging [12, 13] have been used to help alleviate venous contamination from leg bolus-chase MRA images with varying success. Alternatively, distal-station MRA can also be performed using time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA in which multiple datasets are acquired in quick succession after injection of a contrast bolus.…”

Segmentation and visualization of tissues surrounding the airway in children via MRI

“…Approaches to object information extraction from images should attempt to use this fact and retain fuzziness as realistically as possible. We have demonstrated that this general framework 9 can be utilized to develop effective segmentation strategies in a variety of applications 10,11,12,13,14 .…”