Arthropod Pest Management in Organic Crops

Zehnder, G. W.; Gurr, Geoff M.; Kühne, Stefan; Wade, Mark R.; Wratten, Stephen D.; Wyss, Eric

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091337

Cited by 506 publications

(332 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…considering tritrophic interactions as trophic levels are highly overlapping (Wilkinson and Sherratt, 2016), by spatially diversifying crop and non-crop habitats represents the first two phases proposed by Zehnder et al (2007) for managing arthropod pests without chemical pesticides in a context of organic farming and is the main component of agroecological crop protection described by Deguine et al (2016). Although they can be implemented at the farm level, they together induce a diversification at the landscape scale, influencing insects (both pests and natural enemies) that are highly mobile, easily crossing farm borders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: An agroecological perspective

Hatt

Boeraeve

Artru

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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Spatial diversification of crop and non-crop habitats in farming systems is promising for enhancing natural regulation of insect pests. Nevertheless, results from recent syntheses show variable effects.One explanation is that the abundance and diversity of pests and natural enemies are affected by the composition, design and management of crop and non-crop habitats. Moreover, interactions between both local and landscape elements and practices carried out at different spatial scales may affect the regulation of insect pests. Hence, research is being conducted to understand these interdependencies.However, insects are not the only pests and pests are not the only elements to regulate in agroecosystems. Broadening the scope could allow addressing multiple issues simultaneously, but also solving them together by enhancing synergies. Indeed, spatial diversification of crop and non-crop habitats can allow addressing the issues of weeds and pathogens, along with being beneficial to several other regulating services like pollination, soil conservation and nutrient cycling. Although calls rise to develop multifunctional landscapes that optimize the delivery of multiple ecosystem services, it still represents a scientific challenge today. Enhancing interdisciplinarity in research institutions and building interrelations between scientists and stakeholders may help reach this goal. Despite obstacles, positive results from research based on such innovative approaches are encouraging for engaging 2 science in this path. Hence, the aim of the present paper is to offer an update on these issues by exploring the most recent findings and discussing these results to highlight needs for future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: An agroecological perspective

Hatt

Boeraeve

Artru

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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“…A potential opportunity exists for the Australian industry in organic production systems because national and international guidelines recommend the use of parasitoid and predator commercial BCAs for pest control in organic crops (Horne 2007;Neeson 2007;Zehnder et al 2007;Madge 2009). Presumably Australian organic growers rely currently on conservation biological control and/or organic certified insecticides for pest control (Furlong et al 2004;Warner and Getz 2008;Macfadyen et al 2009).…”

Section: Strategies and Opportunities To Overcome Economic Barriers Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Australian commercial producers of invertebrate biological control agents from 1971 to 2014

et al. 2017

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The Australian industry producing invertebrate biological control agents (BCAs) commercially was described for the first time through interviews with company owners, citrus pest management researchers and citrus growers. This industry started with citrus pest management in 1971. Over 40 years it expanded from one company and one commercial BCA to peak at nine companies operating from 2002 to 2010. A period of consolidation resulted in five companies producing 36 commercial BCAs in 2014. Annual gross sales were \AU$10 million compared to [AU$400 million spent on insecticides. Barriers to industry growth included high costs of developing new commercial BCAs partly due to regulatory costs associated with importation of new BCAs into Australia, and low adoption of commercial BCAs due to limited access to information and training. The industry responded to these barriers by collaborating with stakeholders to develop new commercial BCAs, and developing an accreditation scheme to build technical capacity and encourage adoption.

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“…Vários estudos mostram que sistemas agrícolas diversificados podem favorecer o aumento da riqueza de espécies e/ou a abundância dos inimigos naturais das pragas agrícolas. Contudo, a maioria das pesquisas tem sido conduzida nos Estados Unidos da América, na Europa, na Nova Zelândia e na Austrália (Altieri et al, 2003;Zehnder et al, 2007). Dessa forma, como os efeitos da diversificação vegetal sobre a fauna não podem ser generalizados, torna-se necessário gerar conhecimento sobre as condições dos agroecossistemas brasileiros.…”

Section: Influência De Diferentes Cultivos E Fatores Climáticos Na Ocunclassified

Influência de diferentes cultivos e fatores climáticos na ocorrência de crisopídeos em sistema agroecológico

et al. 2014

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Os insetos predadores da família Chrysopidae têm sido relatados tanto em ecossistemas naturais como nos agroecossistemas, sejam eles cultivos consorciados ou monocultivos. Porém, são escassas as informações sobre o comportamento das populações desses insetos nos agroecossistemas diversificados, como aqueles de base agroecológica. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a riqueza de espécies de crisopídeos e avaliar a influência de diferentes cultivos agrícolas, assim como de fatores climáticos na abundância desses insetos em sistema de produção orgânica diversificada. O estudo foi conduzido de setembro de 2008 a agosto de 2009, por meio de amostragens semanais de adultos de Chrysopidae em áreas do Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica, em Seropédica (RJ), cada qual com um tipo de sistema de cultivo (rotação milho-mucuna/olerícolas, cafeeiros sombreados e rotação cana-de-açúcar/pastagem de braquiária). Um total de 424 espécimes de crisopídeos foi coletado, sendo distribuídos em três espécies: Chrysoperla externa (98,1%), Ceraeochrysa cubana (1,7%) e Ceraeochrysa paraguaria (0,2%). Não houve diferença no número de adultos coletados em função dos diferentes cultivos, embora a análise de correlação evidencie que as rotações com poáceas favoreçam o aumento da sua abundância. A abundância dos crisopídeos foi influenciada pelo clima apenas no sistema de cafeeiros sombreados, sendo correlacionada negativamente com a temperatura média do ar e a com a precipitação pluvial acumulada.

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Arthropod Pest Management in Organic Crops

Cited by 506 publications

References 123 publications

Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: An agroecological perspective

Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: An agroecological perspective

Development of Australian commercial producers of invertebrate biological control agents from 1971 to 2014

Influência de diferentes cultivos e fatores climáticos na ocorrência de crisopídeos em sistema agroecológico

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