Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) and C-phycocyanin prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease and its cardiovascular complications

Memije-Lazaro, Ivonne Nayelli; Blas-Valdivia, Vanessa; Franco-Colín, Margarita; Cano-Europa, Edgar

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.013

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the left kidney was used to measure caspases 3 and 9 activities. 8 The aeration was constantly using an air pump (Rolf C. Hagen Inc., Montreal, Canada). We used 5 g of the washed cell mass in 20 mL of distilled water to purify phycobiliproteins.…”

Section: Animals and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spirulina has been used as an antioxidant protector in different toxicological models that involved the kidney. [8][9][10][11][12] The nephroprotective activity of Spirulina and its components is associated with the antioxidant capacity of them. Spirulina contains vitamins (A, B, C, and E), essential amino acids, and fatty acids; as well as another pigment as carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phycobiliproteins as phycocyanin that acts as nucleophilic compounds and they can neutralize free radical and reactive species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) reduce apoptosis promoters and glomerular dysfunction in mercury-related acute kidney injury

Rojas-Franco

Franco-Colín

Meléndez-Camargo

et al. 2018

Toxicology Research and Application

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Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) is considered a nutraceutical or functional food because it provides health benefits and it is used as nephroprotector because it contains nucleophilic compounds as phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin that prevent oxidative stress and cellular damage process. Also, it is known that inorganic mercury is bioaccumulated and exerted kidney toxicity. Despite the nephroprotective effect of Spirulina and its components, there is not enough information about the effect of them on renal function as well as the apoptosis process inhibition. This work aimed to investigate whether phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Spirulina can improve HgCl 2 -related glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction as well as the Bax, Bcl 2 , and effectors caspases alterations. Male mice were administrated with Spirulina, phycobiliproteins or phycocyanin 30 min before 5 mg/Kg HgCl 2 administration. The nutraceuticals were administrated for the next 5 days. Then, the mice were euthanized. The renal function, caspases 3 and 9 activities, as well as Bax and Bcl 2 expression were evaluated. Spirulina and its components prevent HgCl 2 -related apoptosis induction and glomerular dysfunction. We concluded that phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Spirulina reduce glomerular damage but not the tubular dysfunction in a mercury-related acute kidney injury.

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Section: Animals and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) reduce apoptosis promoters and glomerular dysfunction in mercury-related acute kidney injury

Rojas-Franco

Franco-Colín

Meléndez-Camargo

et al. 2018

Toxicology Research and Application

Self Cite

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“…Ergogenic and antioxidant compounds [7,8,13,16] and enzyme inhibitors or activators [17,18] present in Spirulina sp. seems to act in concerted action to reduce body fat and plasma lipids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This group of filamentous, spiral-shaped, blue-green cyanobacteria improves several cardio-metabolic biomarkers such as TC, TAG, and LDL-C, fasting blood glucose and diastolic blood pressure, without side-effects in humans [7,8,9] and animal models [10,11,12]. Such benefits seem to rely on several antioxidant compounds (e.g., C-phycocyanin) and enzyme inhibitors/activators [7,8,13]. We hypothesized that a systematic physical exercise program and Spirulina maxima ( S. maxima ) intake in overweight and obese men has beneficial effects on the body composition, blood lipid profile and cardiorespiratory fitness, and those effects are highly correlated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Physical Exercise and Spirulina maxima Supplementation Improve Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Blood Lipid Profile: Correlations of a Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

et al. 2019

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Cardiovascular diseases are part of the highly preventable chronic diseases associated with changes in lifestyle. Within them, physical activity, low-fat and high-fiber diets are distinguished as the main support for prevention, even when supplementation with nutraceuticals has become a very common practice. Fifty-two young sedentary men with excess body weight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg·m−2) were enrolled in a randomized-crossover controlled trial [six weeks of a systematic physical exercise with Spirulina maxima or placebo supplementation (4.5 g·day−1)]. Body composition, blood lipid profile, and maximal oxygen uptake were determined pre/post intervention. Pairwise comparisons showed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) on blood lipid profile in the group of exercise plus Spirulina maxima. Moreover, correlations of absolute changes of BMI, body fat percentage, blood lipids and maximal oxygen uptake were statistically significant (p < 0.01). These results indicate that the Spirulina maxima supplementation could be acting in a synergistic way with exercise due to the enhanced effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood lipid profile. This phenomenon should be considered to reduce risk of cardiovascular disorders. Trial registration: Clinical Trials, NCT02837666 (July 19, 2016).

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“…Arthrospira maxima , commercially known as Spirulina maxima ( S. maxima ), is a cyanobacteria used as a nutritional supplement due to its high content of protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, polyphenols, carotenoids and phycocyanins [10] with cardio-protective and antioxidant activity. In this regard, Moura et al [11] reported that Spirulina supplementation decreases circulating LDL-C levels more effectively than aerobic training in diabetic Wistar rats while Spirulina intake and aerobic physical exercise resulted in even better effects. Mazzola et al [12] demonstrated that Spirulina and physical reduces plasma TG levels in Wistar rats Kata et al [13] reported reduced levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypolipidemic Effect of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima Supplementation and a Systematic Physical Exercise Program in Overweight and Obese Men: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Crossover Controlled Trial

et al. 2019

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Low-fat diets, lipid-modifying nutraceuticals and a higher level of physical activity are often recommended to reduce dyslipidemia. A double-blind, randomized, crossover, controlled trial was designed to evaluate the independent and synergistic effects of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima supplementation (4.5 g·day−1) with or without performing a physical exercise program (PEP: aerobic exercise (3 days·week−1) + high-intensity interval training (2 days·week−1)) on blood lipids and BMI of 52 sedentary men with excess body weight. During six weeks, all participants were assigned to four intervention treatments (Spirulina maxima with PEP (SE), placebo with PEP (Ex), Spirulina maxima without PEP (Sm), placebo without PEP (C; control)) and plasma lipids were evaluated spectrophotometrically pre- vs. post intervention in stratified subgroups (overweight, obese and dyslipidemic subjects). Pre/post comparisons showed significant reductions in all plasma lipids in the SE group, particularly in those with dyslipidemia (p ≤ 0.043). Comparing the final vs. the initial values, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in all treatment groups compared to C. Changes were observed mostly in SE interventions, particularly in dyslipidemic subjects (p < 0.05). Spirulina maxima supplementation enhances the hypolipidemic effect of a systematic PEP in men with excess body weight and dyslipidemia.

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Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) and C-phycocyanin prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease and its cardiovascular complications

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

Phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) reduce apoptosis promoters and glomerular dysfunction in mercury-related acute kidney injury

Phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) reduce apoptosis promoters and glomerular dysfunction in mercury-related acute kidney injury

Systematic Physical Exercise and Spirulina maxima Supplementation Improve Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Blood Lipid Profile: Correlations of a Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Hypolipidemic Effect of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima Supplementation and a Systematic Physical Exercise Program in Overweight and Obese Men: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Crossover Controlled Trial

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