Articular Involvement in Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Kidney Transplant Patient Taking Azathioprine: Figure 1.

Cutaneous histoplasmosis in renal transplant recipients

“…In two patients, direct transmission of histoplasmosis through cadaveric renal transplantation was implicated, and these patients presented in the early post-transplantation period at around two months (4,9). The other patients presented out of this one-yr window, with a wide range including up to 29 yr after transplant ( Seventeen of these 22 cutaneous histoplasmosis cases, including our patient, occurred in the setting of confirmed disseminated disease (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Table 1 displays the demographic data, time from transplantation to clinical presentation, maintenance immunosuppressants, characteristics of cutaneous findings, other organs with confirmed involvement, treatment medications, and final outcome of these 17 cases.…”

“…Seventeen of these 22 cutaneous histoplasmosis cases, including our patient, occurred in the setting of confirmed disseminated disease . Table displays the demographic data, time from transplantation to clinical presentation, maintenance immunosuppressants, characteristics of cutaneous findings, other organs with confirmed involvement, treatment medications, and final outcome of these 17 cases.…”

“…Our literature review yielded 22 cases of cutaneous histoplasmosis in renal transplant patients, including a patient seen on our inpatient consult service (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The median age in this series was 38 yr, and the majority of cases were reported in males (68%).…”

Colonic involvement in disseminated histoplasmosis of an immunocompetent adult: case report and literature review

“…It also occurs in immunocompetent individuals and frequently presents as an asymptomatic or self-limited influenza-like process. In several reported cases, serious extrapulmonary injury occurred in groups of children [3,4], or patients with underlying diseases [5,6]. Infection occurs by inhalation of fungal spores and results in a variety of clinical manifestations including acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis or disseminated histoplasmosis [7].…”

“…Histoplasmosis can infect multiple systems, including the central nervous system [9], articulation [6], and bone marrow, as well as nasal septum [10] and skin [11]. Occasionally it can lead to variable symptoms or even fatal outcomes, such as adrenal insufficiency induced by adrenal gland lesions [12], dysphagia induced by laryngopharyngeal nodular mass [5,13] or renal failure induced by granulomatous interstitial nephritis [14].…”