Artificial aging processes in modern papers: X-ray spectrometry studies

Manso, Marta; Pessanha, Sofia; Carvalho, Luísa

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2006.07.002

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The X-ray spectrum of newsprint paper showed not only the characteristics peaks of crystalline cellulose at 2h between 22°and 23°and that corresponding to the amorphous fraction at 2h between 15°and 16°, typical of Whatman and papyrus, but also the peaks corresponding to the fillers (calcium carbonate at 2h = 30°and 2h = 36°and kaolin at 2h = 12-13°a nd 2h = 25°). These results confirm again the evidence on paper composition highlighted by EDS [27], EDXRF [28], IR and Raman spectroscopy.…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessment of the weathering effects on cellulose based materials through a multianalytical approach

Castro¹,

Princi²,

Proietti³

et al. 2011

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Section: X-ray Diffractionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessment of the weathering effects on cellulose based materials through a multianalytical approach

Castro¹,

Princi²,

Proietti³

et al. 2011

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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“…Among the many agents of deterioration, temperature and relative humidity [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], light [20,[28][29][30][31][32], pollution [20,[32][33][34][35][36][37], biogenic agents [34,38,39] and paper composition [5][6][7]20,33,34,[40][41][42][43] have been researched most. Of these, temperature, humidity and pollution are the most important ones for storage in the dark, and are reviewed here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose–response functions for historic paper

Menart

Bruin

Strlič

2011

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Paper degradation has been studied extensively over the past few decades from both the conservation and the material science perspectives. This review focuses on the quantifiable impacts of the environment and material composition, from the viewpoint of long-term storage of historic paper-based collections. Therefore, temperature, relative humidity and their variation, and pollution are of major interest while photoinitiated processes are covered only briefly.New experiments comparing the effects of the most abundant indoor pollutants (NO 2 , acetic acid and formaldehyde) and the effects of fluctuating temperature and relative humidity are also presented as part of the discussion. This work highlights the need for revision of the existing doseresponse (damage) functions for paper and their further development. KeywordsHistoric paper; hydrolysis; oxidation; viscometry; colorimetry; heritage science Historic paperDespite the ubiquity of electronic media, paper is still the most generally readable carrier of information. In heritage institutions, collections of documents of the past are being preserved for posterity. It has been estimated that in a typical Western repository, 70-80% of these documents [1] are likely to be acidic and therefore prone to rapid deterioration, their useful lifetime being about a century, a couple at best. This is in a stark contrast to paper produced before ca. 1850, the lifetime of which may be longer for at least a factor of 10 [1]. For curators of these collections, interventive conservation is an option, although the throughput of even mass treatments [2] is not sufficient to address the scale of the problem and the resources are too limited. Stab 96 (2011Stab 96 ( ) 2029Stab 96 ( -2039 2 In many cases, preventive conservation is therefore the preferred option. However, environmental managers may struggle with the abundance of literature available on environmental effects on paper degradation and the surprisingly scarce data that is well quantified and relevant not only to the scientist but to the user as well. Unlike a recent comprehensive review of the basic mechanistic and thermodynamic concepts [3], the focus of the present review is to provide an overview of dose response functions, based on which environmental management in paper-based collections could be optimised to minimise degradation while optimising resource use. Published in Polym DegradThe main structural component of paper is cellulose. As a linear homopolymer, it is composed of identical monomers and scission of inter-monomer bonds leads to its degradation [4]. It is well known that apart from temperature, water (humidity) and acidity in paper are important factors in its degradation [5][6][7]. Acid-catalysed hydrolysis is a major cause of paper strength loss [5,7], although other mechanisms may take place as well, such as oxidation and thermal degradation [7,8], depending on the experimental conditions. The effect of oxygen on the hydrolytic pathway should not be neglected, as differences between accelerate...

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“…The beam size was around 1 cm in diameter, making impossible any kind of microanalysis. The accuracy of the method was checked by analyzing samples of orchard leaves, the matrix of which is cellulose [7]. In Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%