From papyrus to paper: Elemental characterization by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Manso, Marta; Costa, M.L.; Carvalho, Luísa

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.136

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Faubel et al 229 was also interested in historic manuscripts and described the use of a novel combination of techniques (m-SRXRF and FTIR) to investigate decomposition phenomena affecting historical manuscripts and prints. EDXRF was used by Manso et al 230 to determine the elemental content of ancient and modern papyrus and parchment and newspaper, and claimed that it was possible to distinguish ancient from modern (modern samples usually contained lower concentrations) and older (1919) from modern (2005) newspaper (the latter containing lower elemental abundances). In a second contribution, Manso et al 231 applied these techniques to a range of papers (dating from 1555 to 2005) and found that by using a statistical approach, they could be classified into 10 types, mainly on their Ca, Cu, Fe, Sr and Zn content.…”

Section: Archaeological Cultural Heritage and Forensicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

West

Ellis²,

Kregsamer

et al. 2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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This annual review of X-ray fluorescence covers developments over the period 2007-2008 in instrumentation and detectors, matrix correction and spectrum analysis procedures, X-ray optics and micro-fluorescence, synchrotron XRF, TXRF, portable XRF and on-line applications as assessed from the published literature. The trend set in previous years continues with an increase in the number of papers published on applications for XRF, including sample preparation, geological, environmental, archaeological, forensic, biological, clinical, thin films, chemical state and speciation studies. Earlier literature has not been ignored in that some of Archimedes oldest writing, previously hidden from sight in a medieval prayer book has now been revealed thanks to the power of modern m-SRXRF. X-ray optics now benefit from the use of poly-capillaries systems, equipment portability has been extended to include the TXRF configuration and readers will find several papers on the use of both two and three dimensional imaging to support environmental, geological and biological studies. The writing team would welcome feedback from readers of this review and invite you to complete the Atomic Spectrometry Updates questionnaire on www.asureviews.org. 9 Applications 9.1 Sample preparation 9.2 Geological and industrial minerals 9.3 Environmental 9.3.1 Aerosols and particulates 9.3.2 Consequences of industrial activity 9.3.3 Other environmental studies 9.4 Archaeological, cultural heritage and forensic 9.5 Industrial 9.6 Clinical and biological 9.7 Thin films and coatings 9.8 Chemical state and speciation 10 Abbrevations 11 References

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Section: Archaeological Cultural Heritage and Forensicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

West

Ellis²,

Kregsamer

et al. 2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…The detection of a small amount of iron in all samples may be presumably due to some iron gall ink residual traces which have been incorporated between fibers, or to the water supply as well as the papermaking process [47,48]. The XRD results of manuscripts P1, P2, P3 and P4 are given in Fig.…”

Section: Paper Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of inks, pigments and paper in four Moroccan illuminated manuscripts dated to the eighteenth century

et al. 2021

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The heritage left by the Arab world in the history of science is directly related to the innovations in both the manufacturing of paper and the production of ink. Four Moroccan manuscripts dating to the eighteenth century, conserved at the royal library of Rabat, have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF), scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman and attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). The combination of the Raman, EDS, and EDXRF spectroscopies results allows us to Characterized the inorganic inks, pigments and fillers used in paper making process. Iron-based ink was used for writing the text for all manuscripts. The main pigments used in the titles and in the illuminated part are found to be vermillion and red ochre in red samples, azurite with barium white and ultramarine in blue color, lead chromate in yellow color, copper and arsenic based ink in green color, carbon black for black color and gold. The main fillers identified in paper are calcite and kaolin. FTIR-ATR and Raman analysis revealed the presence of the characteristic bands of cellulose, the main component of paper. XRD confirms the presence of the fillers detected by FTIR-ATR. Finally, SEM allows to have a better knowledge of the typical morphology of the paper highlighting some effects of the degradation process.

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“…This approach has commonly been used for analysing the composition of heritage objects [26][27][28]. Two different systems for measuring X-ray fluorescence were used: (1) synchrotron rapid scanning (SRS) XRF imaging using a monochromatic incident X-ray energy of 13.5 keV at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL, Stanford University, USA); and (2) handheld portable pXRF using an Olympus Delta Premium XRF analyser which emits at energies up to 40 keV.…”

Section: X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of multimodal imaging of subsurface text in mummy cartonnage using surrogate papyrus phantoms

Gibson¹,

Piquette²,

Bergmann

et al. 2018

Herit Sci

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Ancient Egyptian mummies were often covered with an outer casing, panels and masks made from cartonnage: a lightweight material made from linen, plaster, and recycled papyrus held together with adhesive. Egyptologists, papyrologists, and historians aim to recover and read extant text on the papyrus contained within cartonnage layers, but some methods, such as dissolving mummy casings, are destructive. The use of an advanced range of different imaging modalities was investigated to test the feasibility of non-destructive approaches applied to multi-layered papyrus found in ancient Egyptian mummy cartonnage. Eight different techniques were compared by imaging four synthetic phantoms designed to provide robust, well-understood, yet relevant sample standards using modern papyrus and replica inks. The techniques include optical (multispectral imaging with reflection and transillumination, and optical coherence tomography), X-ray (X-ray fluorescence imaging, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray micro computed tomography and phase contrast X-ray) and terahertz-based approaches. Optical imaging techniques were able to detect inks on all four phantoms, but were unable to significantly penetrate papyrus. X-ray-based techniques were sensitive to iron-based inks with excellent penetration but were not able to detect carbon-based inks. However, using terahertz imaging, it was possible to detect carbon-based inks with good penetration but with less sensitivity to ironbased inks. The phantoms allowed reliable and repeatable tests to be made at multiple sites on three continents. The tests demonstrated that each imaging modality needs to be optimised for this particular application: it is, in general, not sufficient to repurpose an existing device without modification. Furthermore, it is likely that no single imaging technique will to be able to robustly detect and enable the reading of text within ancient Egyptian mummy cartonnage. However, by carefully selecting, optimising and combining techniques, text contained within these fragile and rare artefacts may eventually be open to non-destructive imaging, identification, and interpretation.

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From papyrus to paper: Elemental characterization by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Investigation of inks, pigments and paper in four Moroccan illuminated manuscripts dated to the eighteenth century

An assessment of multimodal imaging of subsurface text in mummy cartonnage using surrogate papyrus phantoms

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