Artificial Bioaugmentation of Biomacromolecules and Living Organisms for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The synergistic union of nanomaterials with biomaterials has revolutionized synthetic chemistry, enabling the creation of nanomaterial-based biohybrids with distinct properties for biomedical applications. This class of materials has drawn significant scientific interest from the perspective of functional extension via controllable coupling of synthetic and biomaterial components, resulting in enhancement of the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the obtained biohybrids. In this review, we highlight the forefront materials for the combination with biomacromolecules and living organisms and their advantageous properties as well as recent advances in the rational design and synthesis of artificial biohybrids. We further illustrate the incredible diversity of biomedical applications stemming from artificially bioaugmented characteristics of the nanomaterial-based biohybrids. Eventually, we aim to inspire scientists with the application horizons of the exciting field of synthetic augmented biohybrids.

Nanoscience versus Viruses: The SARS‐CoV‐2 Case

“…They can act as central binding sites for nucleic acids, antigenic proteins, and cells, protecting these biomolecules from external stressors and permitting delivery to endosomes/lysosomes. [ 98 ] After releasing encapsulated biomolecules, CaP nanoparticles are decomposed due to the change in pH of the environment from neutral into acidic during cellular uptake, which makes them ideal vehicles. It was found that these nanoparticles are valuable and easily biodegradable adjuvants for DNA vaccines and mucosal immunity.…”

Biohybrid materials: Structure design and biomedical applications

“…In particular, many novel materials have emerged and are functionalized with “smart” properties in that they can sense and respond to external environmental stimuli [ 1 ]. With the development in multidisciplinary aspects, smart materials have been widely employed in biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, wearable devices, etc [ [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] ]. Smart materials are generally composed of various active components, among which the living cells are extraordinarily attractive since they could respond to even weak stimuli and produce highly complex biological activities [ 2 ].…”

Engineering living cells with cucurbit[7]uril-based supramolecular polymer chemistry: from cell surface engineering to manipulation of subcellular organelles

“…Engineering living cells with synthetic materials is emerging as a powerful strategy for biotechnology innovation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Engineered cells with modulated or augmented cellular functions have applications in various elds, ranging from therapeutical agents to living so materials. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] For example, cell surface engineering modulating communications between the cell and its surrounding environment has led to unique applications such as selective cell-based therapy, [20][21][22] targeting drug delivery systems, [23][24][25][26] universal blood, 27,28 and cell cryopreservation.…”