Biohybrid materials: Structure design and biomedical applications

MXenes vs. clays: emerging and traditional 2D layered nanoarchitectonics

“…Biohybrid materials result from the nanoscale combination of whole living cells or some of their fragments and inorganic components, giving rise to complex systems that can be endowed with extraordinary bioactivity. 176,244 Among these types of material, bionanocomposites have been defined as biohybrids that involve the assembly of natural polymers with inorganic nanoparticles, 245 including clay minerals and more recently MXenes interacting at the nanoscale. The diverse processing strategies have been reviewed by Ojijo and Ray, discussing the methods used in the preparation of bionanocomposites.…”

Liquid Crystal Materials for Biomedical Applications

“…By doping photoisomerizable molecular switches into LCs, the intermolecular interactions between the dopants and the LC host could result in a reversible lightinduced phase transition, and the critical point of such transition could be affected by the properties of the LC host, temperature, and geometric conformation and the concentration of the photochromic compounds, etc. [6,7] If the initial isomer is very compatible to the LC host while its photoisomer is incompatible, the LC could undergo an ordered to disordered phase transition. For example, azobenzene can transform from rodshaped trans-isomer to bent cis-isomer under UV irradiation (Figure 8a).…”

“…By incorporating functional elements with chemical modification and micro/nanostructural design, additional characteristics could be imparted into soft materials, and functional devices could be derived for biomedical applications. [ 6–24 ] Among numerous reported soft materials, liquid crystals (LCs) are an important category that has long been studied. Although primarily brought about for information displays, recent years have witnessed a new trend of LC materials entering the biomedical field.…”

Conducting Polymer-based Biohybrid Materials : Towards Microphysiological Chips and Soft Actuators for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…[9] The synergistic combination of biomolecules with non-biological materials is known as biohybrid materials, which combines the merits of the two counterparts and opens new possibilities for the design of biomaterials. [10] The combination can be achieved by various strategies, such as covalent conjugation, surface coating, encapsulation/embedding inside the matrix of biomaterials or scaffolds. [11,12] The synergistic effect of biomolecules and non-biological materials endows the biohybrid materials with tuned properties, such as mechanical properties, biocompatibility, structure, and conductivity.…”