Artificial Feeding of Infant Rats by Continuous Gastric Infusion

Messer, Michael; Thoman, Evelyn B.; Terrasa, Alberto Galofre; Dallman, Peter R.

doi:10.1093/jn/98.4.404

Cited by 154 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The formula used was a modification of the rat milk replacement of Messer et al (20). Modifications included Similar intergenerational effects after giving STZ rats have been shown by other researchers (9,10).…”

Section: Gastrostomy Protocolmentioning

confidence: 91%

Abnormally High Nourishment During Sensitive Periods Results in Body Weight Changes Across Generations

Díaz

Taylor

1998

Obesity Research

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DIAZ, JAIME AND ELSIE M. TAYLOR. Abnormally high nourishment during sensitive periods results in body weight changes across generations. Obes Res. 1998;6:368-374.Objective: This study asked whether a brief period of overnutrition during a developmentally sensitive time could impact the individual's adult weight and that of succeeding generations. Research Methods and Procedures: Female rat pups (F1 generation) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) a control group that was naturally reared by mothers; (2) another control group implanted with chronic gastric fistulas on postnatal day 4 and fed enough formula to match the growth of the mother-reared group; and (3) an experimental group gastrostomized and infused from day 8 through day 16 with a greater quantity of food than gastrostomy-reared controls (OF). On postnatal day 16, both gastrostomy-reared groups were returned to normal litters. Adult F I females from overfed and mother-reared groups were bred with normal males to yield an F 2 generation. F 2 adult females were bred to normdl males to produce an F 3 generation. Results: When adult, the F 1 experimental group was heavier than control groups. F 2 adults from OF mothers were smaller than those from the control group. F 3 animals from OF grandmothers were heavier at weaning than F 3 descendants from mother-reared animals. Discussion: Excess nourishment during a developmentally sensitive period changed the metabolic phenotype of one generation so dramatically that the gestational development and subsequent phenotype of two succeeding generations 368 OBESITY RESEARCH Vol. 6 NO.5 Sept. 1998 were also changed. The experiment models fetal effects of gestational diabetes in humans and may help to elucidate how, independent of genetic anomalies, secular changes can be detected across generations.

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Section: Gastrostomy Protocolmentioning

confidence: 91%

Abnormally High Nourishment During Sensitive Periods Results in Body Weight Changes Across Generations

Díaz

Taylor

1998

Obesity Research

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“…Delivery into the stomach A gastric cannula may be installed surgically under general anaesthetic by the direct (Messer et al 1969) or the oral (Hall 1975) route. The direct route accesses the stomach via the anterior abdominal and stomach wall.…”

Section: 223mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collection of natural rat milk is difficult and time-consuming (Brake 1979, Keen et al 1980a,b, Tonkiss et al 1987; moreover, serial milking significantly affects the composition of the milk (Keen et al 1980a). Thus, various substitutes and formulations have been used including those based on the constituents of bovine milk (Gustafsson 1948, Pleasants 1959, Miller & Dymsza 1963, Messer et al 1969, Smart et al 1984, Auestad et al 1989.…”

Section: Milk Substitution Formulaementioning

confidence: 99%

An appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of newborn and juvenile rat models for researching gastrointestinal development

2008

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SummaryResearch on the impact of bioactive compounds on the development and functional maturation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract using newborn and juvenile rats has greatly contributed to the knowledge of GI physiology and to the improved clinical management of both premature and full-term newborns. Of the animal models available, two types have been described for use with young rats -maintenance models and substitution models. Maintenance models are those in which the young are reared with the dam and therefore benefit from continuation of natural nutrition and maternal care. Substitution models are those in which the young are reared in the absence of the dam using artificially formulated milk delivered by various means into specific GI sites. In this review, we describe these models and their operation, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each. Attention is also given to questions of scientific validity and some animal welfare issues raised by the use of these models.

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“…The substitute milk formula used in this experiment was a modification (West et al, 1984) of the Messer diet (Messer et al, 1969). The pups were fed via milk-containing syringes using an automated syringe pump system (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA).…”

Section: Milk and Feeding Schedulementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 12 days of artificial rearing on morphology of hypoglossal motoneurons innervating tongue retrusors in rat

2005

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of reduced tongue activity by artificial rearing on the morphology of motoneurons innervating the extrinsic tongue retrusors. Artificially reared rat pups were fed via gastric cannula from postnatal day 3 to postnatal day 14. Artificially reared animals and dam-reared controls had cholera toxin (subunit B) conjugate of horseradish peroxidase injected into the styloglossus to label motoneurons innervating hyoglossus and styloglossus on postnatal day 13 and postnatal day 59. Following perfusion on postnatal days 14 and 60, serial transverse sections treated with tetramethyl benzidine and counterstained neutral red were used to analyze motoneuron morphology. The shorter diameter of hyoglossus motoneurons increased with age for the dam-reared but not the artificially reared group. There was a tendency for a similar pattern for styloglossus motoneurons across the two rearing groups. The changes in form factor reflected the changes in shorter diameter for both motoneuron pools. Therefore, reducing suckling activity during normal postnatal development leads to diminished motoneuron somal growth in rats. This may also be the case in premature infants necessarily fed artificially.

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Artificial Feeding of Infant Rats by Continuous Gastric Infusion

Cited by 154 publications

References 8 publications

Abnormally High Nourishment During Sensitive Periods Results in Body Weight Changes Across Generations

Abnormally High Nourishment During Sensitive Periods Results in Body Weight Changes Across Generations

An appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of newborn and juvenile rat models for researching gastrointestinal development

Effects of 12 days of artificial rearing on morphology of hypoglossal motoneurons innervating tongue retrusors in rat

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