2020
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00622
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Artificial Light at Night (ALAN): A Potential Anthropogenic Component for the COVID-19 and HCoVs Outbreak

Abstract: The origin of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is zoonotic. The circadian day-night is the rhythmic clue to organisms for their synchronized body functions. The "development for mankind" escalated the use of artificial light at night (ALAN). In this article, we tried to focus on the possible influence of this anthropogenic factor in human coronavirus (HCoV) outbreak. The relationship between the occurrences of coronavirus and the ascending curve of the night-light has also been delivered. The A… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(3 citation statements)
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References 188 publications
(212 reference statements)
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“…Since the beginning of the civilian availability of satellite data with sufficient sensitivity to detect nighttime lights, remote sensing techniques have successfully exploited measurements of anthropogenic light emissions on the night side of Earth as an economic indicator and proxy for economic development. These include studies of the distribution of human settlement [59], indicators of economic development status [60], rates of regional and national electric power consumption [61][62][63], the presence of human conflict [64,65], disaster relief needs and progress [66,67], disease epidemiology [68,69], and even to assess the state of overall human well being [70]. Further applications include monitoring impacts of ground-based light sources on protected areas [71][72][73] and measuring various atmospheric characteristics [21,74,75], including greenhouse gas emissions [76].…”
Section: Economymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the beginning of the civilian availability of satellite data with sufficient sensitivity to detect nighttime lights, remote sensing techniques have successfully exploited measurements of anthropogenic light emissions on the night side of Earth as an economic indicator and proxy for economic development. These include studies of the distribution of human settlement [59], indicators of economic development status [60], rates of regional and national electric power consumption [61][62][63], the presence of human conflict [64,65], disaster relief needs and progress [66,67], disease epidemiology [68,69], and even to assess the state of overall human well being [70]. Further applications include monitoring impacts of ground-based light sources on protected areas [71][72][73] and measuring various atmospheric characteristics [21,74,75], including greenhouse gas emissions [76].…”
Section: Economymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to the changes of people's mobility patterns caused by the pandemic (i.e., decrease in outdoor social interaction and increase in staying indoors for work and personal life), the importance of lighting and visual comfort on building users' health is even higher [105], let alone that of underground space users. On the one hand, artificial lighting, especially those exposed during night time, affects the biological health and COVID-19 risks of building users through its influences on the human immune system and hormone secretion [106]. On the other hand, the fear of COVID-19 exposure in an enclosed underground environment triggers the feeling of being unsafe in users.…”
Section: Visual Comfort and Users' Health After Covid-19 Outbreakmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In developed countries, light pollution is typically caused by activities that occur over a large geographic area (1) . The emergence of new infectious diseases has increased in the last decade, posing a serious threat to global public health and contributes significantly as a route for nocturnal animals such as bats and rodents (2) as its diversity in the biological response to nature (3) . City lighting growth has been exponential in the last half-century.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%