“…Meanwhile, the factors determining the sign of phase velocity in CMMs, such as permittivity, permeability, and chirality parameters, are discussed in detail. Figure 1 gives the schematic representation of one unit cell of four kinds of typical CMMs, that is, double-layered rosettes [24], helices [25], 2D chiral split ring resonators [26], and cross-wire structure [5]. These elemental unit cells cannot be superimposed on their mirror images.…”