Artificial simulation of the early stages of renal stone formation

Gráses, F.; Costa-Bauzà, Antònia; March, J.G.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1994.tb16614.x

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Morphological differences between wildtype and OPN KO mice appeared by the observation of polarized light optical microphotography and SEM, which showed that the crystals of OPN KO mice were small and uniform, with a sand‐like shape, and were different from those of WT mice, which were large and combined, many with a rosette‐shaped structure. These findings in OPN KO and WT mice have some resemblance to experimentally generated COM crystals in vitro

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and kidney stones of primary hyperoxaluria in humans,

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respectively. In WT mouse kidneys, the generated crystals contained OPN protein in immunohistochemical staining, which could be considered as matrix‐involving “stones.” These findings indicate that OPN is essential for the early phase of growth, fixation, and structural arrangement of calcium oxalate stones in mouse kidney.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Morphological Conversion of Calcium Oxalate Crystals Into Stones Is Regulated by Osteopontin in Mouse Kidney

Okada

Nomura

Saeki

et al. 2008

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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An important process in kidney stone formation is the conversion of retentive crystals in renal tubules to concrete stones. Osteopontin (OPN) is the major component of the kidney calcium-containing stone matrix. In this study, we estimated OPN function in early morphological changes of calcium oxalate crystals using OPN knockout mice: 100 mg/kg glyoxylate was intra-abdominally injected into wildtype mice (WT) and OPN knockout mice (KO) for a week, and 24-h urine oxalate excretion showed no significant difference between WT and KO. Kidney crystal depositions were clearly detected by Pizzolato staining but not by von Kossa staining in both genotypes, and the number of crystals in KO was significantly fewer than in WT. Morphological observation by polarized light optical microphotography and scanning electron microphotography (SEM) showed large flower-shaped crystals growing in renal tubules in WT and small and uniform crystals in KO. X-ray diffraction detected the crystal components as calcium oxalate monohydrate in both genotypes. Immunohistochemical staining of OPN showed that the WT crystals contained OPN protein but not KO crystals. We concluded that OPN plays a crucial role in the morphological conversion of calcium oxalate crystals to stones in mouse kidneys.

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^{(^{(31)})}

and kidney stones of primary hyperoxaluria in humans,

^{(^{(32)})}

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Morphological Conversion of Calcium Oxalate Crystals Into Stones Is Regulated by Osteopontin in Mouse Kidney

Okada

Nomura

Saeki

et al. 2008

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…All these data seem to demonstrate that COD urolithiasis corre sponds to a more aggressive situation than COM urolith iasis, mainly due to hypercalciuria, but in both cases the participation of other factors not related to urine compo sition and consequently associated with the structure of the inner part of the kidney need to be considered. In fact, it must be taken into account that recent studies clearly demonstrate the important role of the antiadherent glycosaminoglycan layer that protects the inner walls of the kidney, preventing the development of incrustations that can act as nidus of calculi [6,7], consequently revealing the significance of a healthy uroepthelium for the pre vention of urolithiasis. Obviously, these latter factors must be related to the synthesis of glycoproteins and pro teoglycans and, therefore, a general genetic base of oxalocalcic urolithiasis would not be strange.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study between Etiological Factors of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate and Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Urolithiasis

Galan¹,

Conte²,

Llobera

et al. 1996

Urol Int

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A comparative study between different etiological factors of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) is presented. The most frequent alteration in COD urolithiasis was associated with hypercalciuria, whereas in COM urolithiasis was associated with urinary pH. A comparison between COM and COD groups of stone formers that exhibited 1 2 or 3 alterations was performed. Thus, in individuals with two simultaneous alterations, the association between altered urinary pH and hypomagnesiuria was the most frequent in the COM group, whereas the association between hypercalciuria and altered urinary pH was most frequent in the COD group. In individuals with three simultaneous alterations, the association between hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia and hyperuricuria was most frequent in both COM and COD stone formers.

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“…The animals were housed two per cage at 23t1uC and a relative Accepted for publication 14 Regularly (every 3±5 days) a 24-h urine sample was collected by housing the rats from each group in different metabolic cages. When the urinary level of InsP 6 reached a stable minimum value in the treated group, increasing amounts of InsP 6 were added to their liquid diet (61, 182 and 425 mg/L) until the urinary values became constant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inositol hexakisphosphate in urine: the relationship between oral intake and urinary excretion

Gráses¹,

Simonet²,

March³

et al. 2000

BJU International

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Objective To study the relationship between the oral intake of inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP 6 , phytic acid, an inhibitor of urinary crystallization) and its urinary excretion, to establish their possible mutual in¯uence. Materials and methods Two groups of male Wistar rats (six animals each) received either; tap water and normal rat food pellets (controls); or a liquid diet in which InsP 6 was absent and which then received gradually increasing amounts of InsP 6 . The urinary levels of InsP 6 were then assessed regularly in both groups. Results When InsP 6 was absent from the diet, urinary excretion declined to undetectable levels after 22 days. The addition of increasing amounts of InsP 6 to the liquid diet caused an increase in its urinary excretion after about 10 days. Adding InsP 6 in amounts >425 mg/L caused no further increases in urinary excretion. Adding inositol (with no InsP 6 ) to the liquid diet caused only a slight increase in the urinary excretion of InsP 6 . Conclusion These results showed that InsP 6 urinary levels were related to its oral intake; consequently, a low consumption of InsP 6 would cause a urinary de®cit of this crystallization inhibitor and thus an increase in the risk of developing urinary calcium stones. Although urinary excretion was dose-dependent, there was an ingested amount (20.9 mg/kg) above which there was no increase in the amount excreted. This intake is easily obtained by consuming a normal diet (rich in InsP 6 ) indicating that to maintain appropriate urinary levels of InsP 6 , the consumption of InsP 6 supplements is only necessary when the diet is particularly poor in InsP 6 .

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Artificial simulation of the early stages of renal stone formation

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Morphological Conversion of Calcium Oxalate Crystals Into Stones Is Regulated by Osteopontin in Mouse Kidney

Morphological Conversion of Calcium Oxalate Crystals Into Stones Is Regulated by Osteopontin in Mouse Kidney

A Comparative Study between Etiological Factors of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate and Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Urolithiasis

Inositol hexakisphosphate in urine: the relationship between oral intake and urinary excretion

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