Artificial substrata increase pond farming density of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by increasing the bacteria that participate in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in pond water

Abstract

Aquaculture has become a primary method to produce various aquatic products, and intensive aquaculture technologies have become commercially important. To improve the efficiency of intensive aquaculture per unit area without reducing the growth rate of cultured fish, the present study explored the potential of artificial substrata in ponds. Our results showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) in the ponds with different stocking densities of grass carp were lower than those in the control group in most cases. Further, the feed conversion rate of grass carp was significantly reduced by introducing these artificial substrata, and the culture density could be significantly increased without reducing the growth rates of these fish. Artificial substrata also significantly enriched specific bacteria and changed the structure of the microbiota in pond water. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly increased, and bacteria closely related to N and P cycles, such as Hyphomicrobium, Chitinimonas, Legionella, Shewanella, Roseiflexus, and Planktothrix were significantly enhanced. These results showed that the artificial substratum could increase TN and TP removal in aquaculture pond water by enriching N and P cycle-related bacteria, thus significantly increasing the specific growth rate of grass carp and significantly reducing their feed conversion rate. Finally, the stocking density of grass carp and the yield per unit area of pond could be increased without reducing the growth rate.

Effects of fermented mulberry leaves on growth, serum antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activities and microbial compositions of the intestine in crucian ( Carassius carassius )

“…Two decimal places were used for experimental results, which were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Vegan package (Dixon, 2003) of R version 4.0.3 was used to conduct nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) (Anderson, 2001) to detect microbiota differences (Li et al, 2019). Kruskal-Wallis H test was conducted using STAMP software (Parks et al, 2014) to screen the significantly different genera in the gut microbiota.…”

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Aquaculture, which is one of the primary methods used to generate aquatic products, plays an important role in solving global food shortages and improving physical qualities of humans (Li et al, 2019;Perschbacher, 2015). However, aquaculture production space is constantly decreasing due to advancing global industrialization, resulting in the number of ongoing traditional aquaculture projects being insufficient to meet the rapid growth of human demand for aquatic products (Li et al, 2019). As a result, improving the yield per unit area has come to be considered as an effective means of ensuring an adequate supply of aquatic products (Cressey, 2009).

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VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) against GCRV-II Infection

“…It is distinguished by its considerable economic viability, exceptional growth performance, delectable umami meat quality, and heightened nutritional value [ 1 ]. Nonetheless as a consequence of intensive farming advancements, the emergence of disease-related challenges has become an arduous endeavor in the cultivation of grass carp [ 2 , 3 ]. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) serves as the etiological agent responsible for inducing grass carp hemorrhagic disease (GCHD), which presents a grave peril to the grass carp aquaculture industry [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Effect of the Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium Pseudomonas furukawaii ZS1 on Microbiota Compositions in Grass Carp Culture Water

“…In 2018, the total output of aquatic products in China was 64.5766 million tons, of which 49.9106 million tons (i.e., 77.3%) was derived from aquaculture [1]. This high-density and intensive culture method uses large amounts of bait and generates a substantial accumulation of fish excreta, thereby deteriorating water quality, and consequently negatively affecting the quality of aquatic products as well as polluting the environment [2][3][4]. Approximately 75% of the feed nitrogen are not utilized and remain as waste in the water [5].…”