Artificial Surface Dirts for Detergency Studies with Painted Surfaces

Shelberg, Wesley E.; Mackin, James L.; Fuller, Ross K.

doi:10.1021/ie50540a049

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

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The role of interfacial electrical conditions in detergency

Durham

1956

J. Appl. Chem.

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A detergent system is treated as a lyophobic colloid system and the interaction between particulate soil and fibres in an electrolyte solution is represented by the superposition of the potentials due to London—van der Waals' attraction, the Born repulsion and double layer repulsion. The resultant potential‐energy curves are used to discuss the influence of electrical forces in soil removal and redeposition. It is shown that the particle size of the soil, and the concentration and valency of electrolyte, are important parameters which determine the influence of interfacial electrical conditions in detergency. It is also shown that ease of soil removal is incompatible with a high degree of stability against redeposition. The relation between the surface potential (ψ0) which is used in the theory to describe interfacial electrical conditions, and the zeta potential, derived from electrokinetic experiments, is discussed, and reasons for the lack of correlation between interfacial electrical conditions (described by zeta potentials) and detergent efficiency are given.

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The role of interfacial electrical conditions in detergency

Durham

1956

J. Appl. Chem.

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An optimized hard surface cleaning test

Harris

Brown

1969

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Preliminary investigation of several test procedures resulted in the selection of the Liss‐Hilton reflectance method. A white vinyl tile substrate was selected and the test method optimized at cleaning efficiencies of approximately 30% for water and 80% for selected detergent compositions. Within‐series and between‐series variations, in general, met a required 2% maximum. Between‐laboratories data were slightly more variable. Utilizing the corresponding confidence limit factor, as few as three test panels per detergent may be used to compare detergent cleaning efficiencies.

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A neutron activation method for soil removal measurements: A comparison of the reflectance method and the neutron activation method

Netzel

Stanley

Rathburn

1964

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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A nondestructive neutron activation analysis technique has been developed to determine the amt of particulate kaolinite clay soil removed from cotton fibers during a wash cycle. Neutron bombardment of aluminum, present as a constituent of the kaolinite lattice structure, produces short‐lived aluminum‐28. The amt of particulate soil present on a piece of cotton cloth before and after the wash cycle is determined by े scintillation counting of the aluminum‐28, thus providing an absolute method for the determination of the percentage of soil removed. A comparison of this method with the reflectance method has been made, and equations relating reflectance to clay concn for washed and unwashed soiled cloths have been developed for a given surfactant. It was found that the relationship of the concn of the soil on the test cloths and the measured reflectance depends upon whether the cloth has been washed or unwashed. The validity of the applicability of the Kubelka‐Munk equation relating reflectance to soil content on cotton fabric has been experimentally confirmed for soiled cloths have high reflectivity.

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Artificial Surface Dirts for Detergency Studies with Painted Surfaces

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

The role of interfacial electrical conditions in detergency

The role of interfacial electrical conditions in detergency

An optimized hard surface cleaning test

A neutron activation method for soil removal measurements: A comparison of the reflectance method and the neutron activation method

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