Artificial Tensor Impedance Surface Waveguides

Quarfoth, Ryan; Sievenpiper, Daniel F.

doi:10.1109/tap.2013.2254433

Cited by 112 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The surface impedance is defined as the ratio of the tangential electric and magnetic fields. It can be direction-dependent in the case of anisotropic surfaces, and the impedance along a particular direction is primarily determined by the length and gap width in that direction [5]. Varying only the gap width limits the range of available impedance values, but allowing the cell size to vary provides a wider design space.…”

Section: (D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been used for various applications including control of surface waves [1], [2], scattering [3], conformal antennas [4], and waveguides [5]- [7]. Their electromagnetic properties are defined by the thickness of the substrate, and the capacitance between patches, which together determine the effective surface impedance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The challenge is how to pattern elongated unit cells which allow high anisotropy, but to also create arbitrary and smoothly varying impedance patterns. All previous work in this area used discrete regions of different impedance values or directions [3], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterning Technique for Generating Arbitrary Anisotropic Impedance Surfaces

Lee

Sievenpiper

2016

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Abstract-Anisotropic impedance surfaces have been demonstrated to be useful for a variety of applications ranging from antennas, to surface wave guiding, to control of scattering. To increase their anisotropy requires elongated unit cells which have reduced symmetry and thus are not easily arranged into arbitrary patterns. We discuss the limitations of existing patterning techniques, and explore options for generating anisotropic impedance surfaces with arbitrary spatial variation. We present an approach that allows a wide range of anisotropic impedance profiles, based on a point-shifting method combined with a Voronoi cell generation technique. This approach can be used to produce patterns which include highly elongated cells with varying orientation, and cells which can smoothly transition between square, rectangular, hexagonal, and other shapes with a wide range of aspect ratios. We demonstrate a practical implementation of this technique which allows us to define gaps between the cells to generate impedance surfaces, and we use it to implement a simple example of a structure which requires smoothly varying impedance, in the form of a planar Luneberg lens. Simulations of the lens are verified by measurements, validating our pattern generation technique.

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Section: (D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterning Technique for Generating Arbitrary Anisotropic Impedance Surfaces

Lee

Sievenpiper

2016

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…The surface-wave propagation control using electrically small patches can be further extended to form two-dimensional surface waveguides [35]. In Section 4, we discuss the control mechanism to manipulate the polarization of the electric fields radiated by these surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of AMC-based impedance surfaces

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The recent and major enhancements of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) and their applications namely RCS reduction, low-profile antennas and holographic leaky wave antennas are reviewed. Full-wave simulations are compared to measurements of fabricated models, and a good agreement is attained. All of the measurement were conducted in the Arizona State University electromagnetic anechoic chamber (EMAC).

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“…In addition, the waveguide-fed metamaterial elements also leak energy out of the waveguide, such that the entire structure can act as an aperture antenna [48,58]. Indeed, metasurfaces can provide nearly total control over the wavefront in a manner similar to phased arrays [59] and other aperture antennas, but often with advantages not available in other formats [60][61][62][63][64].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarizability extraction of complementary metamaterial elements in waveguides for aperture modeling

et al. 2017

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We consider the design and modeling of metasurfaces that couple energy from guided waves to propagating wavefronts. This is a first step towards a comprehensive, multiscale modeling platform for metasurface antennas-large arrays of metamaterial elements embedded in a waveguide structure that radiates intro free-space-in which the detailed electromagnetic responses of metamaterial elements are replaced by polarizable dipoles. We present two methods to extract the effective polarizability of a metamaterial element embedded in a one-or two-dimensional waveguide. The first method invokes surface equivalence principles, averaging over the effective surface currents and charges within an element to obtain the effective dipole moments; the second method is based on computing the coefficients of the scattered waves within the waveguide, from which the effective polarizability can be inferred. We demonstrate these methods on several variants of waveguidefed metasurface elements, finding excellent agreement between the two, as well as with analytical expressions derived for irises with simpler geometries. Extending the polarizability extraction technique to higher order multipoles, we confirm the validity of the dipole approximation for common metamaterial elements. With the effective polarizabilities of the metamaterial elements accurately determined, the radiated fields generated by a metasurface antenna (inside and outside the antenna) can be found self-consistently by including the interactions between polarizable dipoles. The dipole description provides an alternative language and computational framework for engineering metasurface antennas, holograms, lenses, beam-forming arrays, and other electrically large, waveguide-fed metasurface structures.

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Artificial Tensor Impedance Surface Waveguides

Cited by 112 publications

References 22 publications

Patterning Technique for Generating Arbitrary Anisotropic Impedance Surfaces

Patterning Technique for Generating Arbitrary Anisotropic Impedance Surfaces

Applications of AMC-based impedance surfaces

Polarizability extraction of complementary metamaterial elements in waveguides for aperture modeling

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