As tears go by: Baby tears trigger more brain activity than adult tears in nulliparous women

Riem, Madelon M E; IJzendoorn, Marinus H. van; Carli, Pietro De; Vingerhoets, A.J.J.M.; Bakermans‐Kranenburg, Marian J.

doi:10.1080/17470919.2016.1247012

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…When babies cry they convey a message to the parents that they are not comfortable and that their needs are to be met, be these physiological or emotional [17]. Since a baby's crying has a high emotional content the parents nd it di cult to ignore [18] [19]. Normally this works ne because it compels the parents to tend to the baby's needs, and once this has been achieved the crying and fussing stops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evidence of Vestibular Dysregulation in Colicky Babies Before and After Chiropractic Treatment Compared to Non-Colicky Babies.

Hoeve¹

2020

Preprint

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Aim: to present a five-point clinical index of vestibular (hyper)activity and its application as a tool to investigate vestibular dysregulation in colicky and non-colicky babies.Methods: 120 consecutive colicky babies, before and after treatment, were evaluated using this index and compared to 117 non-colicky babies.Results. Before treatment out of 120 colicky babies 118 (98.3%) scored 1-5 and only 2 (1.7%) scored 0. Out of 117 non-colicky babies 89 (76,1%) scored 0 and 28 (23.9%) scored 1-3, none scored 4-5. Odds ratios are OR (CI 95%) 187.54 (43.52-808.09). After treatment 111 (92.5%) scored 0 and 9 (7.5%) scored 1-3, none scored 4-5. A McNemar test showed the difference before and after to be significant (χ² = 109.00, p < .001). For colicky babies the mean vestibular score is 2.88(SD 1.22), compared to 0.37(SD 0.73) for non-colicky babies, a difference of 87.2%. After treatment the score decreased from 2.88 (SD 1.12) to 0.10 (SD 0.40), or 96.5%. Conclusion: colicky babies are not just infants who cry a lot. They also show clinical evidence of vestibular dysregulation. The vestibular index opens the prospect that it could be developed into a tool towards an objective clinical diagnosis of infantile colic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evidence of Vestibular Dysregulation in Colicky Babies Before and After Chiropractic Treatment Compared to Non-Colicky Babies.

Hoeve¹

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When babies cry they convey a message to the parents that they are not comfortable and that their needs are to be met, be these physiological or emotional [17]. Since a baby's crying has a high emotional impact the parents nd it di cult to ignore [18] [19]. Normally this is ne because it compels the parents to tend to the baby's needs, and once these have been met, the crying and fussing stops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evidence of Vestibular Dysregulation in Colicky Babies Before and After Chiropractic Treatment Versus Non-Colicky Babies.

Hoeve¹

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAfter 65 years of research that has been primarily directed at differentiating between normal and colicky crying, the cause of infantile colic remains elusive and no definitive cure has been found. Given the general absence of pathology, colicky crying is widely considered the extreme end of a spectrum of normal crying behavior. In the literature scattered evidence can be found suggesting that infantile colic may be the behavioral expression of physiological brainstem dysregulation, particularly of the vestibular and autonomic nuclei. The purpose of this study is to present a five-point clinical index of vestibular (hyper)activity and its application to investigate vestibular dysregulation in colicky and non-colicky babies.Methods120 consecutive colicky babies were evaluated using this index, before and after a very gentle vibratory treatment, and compared to 117 non-colicky babies.ResultsBefore treatment, of 120 colicky babies only 2 (1.7%) scored 0, whereas 118 (98.3%) scored scored 1-5. Of 117 non-colicky babies 89 (76,1%) scored 0 and 28 (23.9%) scored 1-3, none scored 4-5. The odds ratio is OR (CI 95%) 187.54 (43.52-808.09). After treatment 111 (92.5%) scored 0 and 9 (7.5%) scored 1-3, none scored 4-5. A McNemar test showed the difference before and after to be significant (χ² = 109.00, p < .001). For colicky babies the mean vestibular score is 2.88(SD 1.22), compared to 0.37(SD 0.73) for non-colicky babies, a difference of 87.2%. After treatment the score decreased from 2.88 (SD 1.12) to 0.10 (SD 0.40), or 96.5%. ConclusionColicky babies are not just infants who cry a lot. They also show clinical evidence of vestibular dysregulation. Gentle treatment aimed at relaxing tight sub-occipital musculature by means of a vibrational technique may be effective in decreasing vestibular hyperactivity, signifying an improvement in brainstem regulation. The vestibular index opens the prospect for development into a tool towards an objective and practical clinical diagnosis of infantile colic.

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“…Using this task, a prior study demonstrated that participants are faster in avoiding (vs approaching) sad infants faces but not happy ones (De Carli, Riem, & Parolin, 2017). This tendency to avoid sad infants may be related to the fact that infant distress signals trigger feelings of shared distress in adults (Riem, van IJzendoorn, De Carli, Vingerhoets, & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2017a), possibly through neural simulation mechanisms, which motivate an avoidant response in order to reduce negative emotionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A walk on the dark side: TMS over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) disrupts behavioral responses to infant stimuli

Carli

Bakermans‐Kranenburg

Parolin

et al. 2019

Social Neuroscience

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Infant signals, including infant sounds and facial expressions, play a critical role in eliciting parental proximity and care. Processing of infant signals in the adulthood brain is likely to recruit emotional empathy neural circuits, including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to test the role of right IFG (rIFG) in behavioral responses to infant signals. Specifically, a group of nulliparous women were asked to perform a handgrip dynamometer task and an Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) after receiving TMS over the right IFG or over a control site (vertex). Suppressing activity in the rIFG affected the modulation of handgrip force in response to infant crying. Moreover, the AAT showed that participants tend to avoid the sad infant face after Vertex stimulation, and this bias was counteracted by rIFG stimulation. Our results suggest a causal role of rIFG in sensitive responding towards sad infants and point to the rIFG as a critical node in the neural network underlying the innate releasing mechanism for feelings of love, affection and caring of sad infants.

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As tears go by: Baby tears trigger more brain activity than adult tears in nulliparous women

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Clinical Evidence of Vestibular Dysregulation in Colicky Babies Before and After Chiropractic Treatment Compared to Non-Colicky Babies.

Clinical Evidence of Vestibular Dysregulation in Colicky Babies Before and After Chiropractic Treatment Compared to Non-Colicky Babies.

Clinical Evidence of Vestibular Dysregulation in Colicky Babies Before and After Chiropractic Treatment Versus Non-Colicky Babies.

A walk on the dark side: TMS over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) disrupts behavioral responses to infant stimuli

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