Asarum rosei (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from the Blue Ridge Escarpment of North Carolina, USA

Sinn, Brandon T.

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.296.1.3

Phytotaxa

2017

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.296.1.3

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Asarum rosei (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from the Blue Ridge Escarpment of North Carolina, USA

Brandon T. Sinn

Abstract: Hundreds of years of botanical exploration in heavily populated and highly accessible eastern North America have not exhausted taxonomic prospects in the region. Here, I describe a new species of Asarum (Aristolochiaceae), Asarum rosei B.T.Sinn, from North Carolina, USA. This species is characterized and contrasted with species in Asarum subgenus Heterotropa section Hexastylis, and a revised artificial taxonomic key to the similar species in the section is provided.

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…The emphasis on "fixed" organismal properties provides a criterion for assessing patterns of variation among lineages, similar to the empirical concept of "diagnosability" (e.g., Davis & Nixon, 1992;Nixon & Wheeler, 1990), which is broader in that it accepts any fixed difference (such as a codon base change that is synonymous). This view of species has been applied or invoked in a handful of studies (Ackerfield et al, 2020;da Cruz & Weksler, 2018;Folk et al, 2017;Frolov et al, 2021;Sinn, 2017;Zachos, 2018), but a comprehensive application is lacking. Some organisms are inherently taxonomically challenging.…”

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Lineage and role in integrative taxonomy of a heterotrophic orchid complex

et al. 2022

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Lineage‐based species definitions applying coalescent approaches to species delimitation have become increasingly popular. Yet, the application of these methods and the recognition of lineage‐only definitions have recently been questioned. Species delimitation criteria that explicitly consider both lineages and evidence for ecological role shifts provide an opportunity to incorporate ecologically meaningful data from multiple sources in studies of species boundaries. Here, such criteria were applied to a problematic group of mycoheterotrophic orchids, the Corallorhiza striata complex, analysing genomic, morphological, phenological, reproductive‐mode, niche, and fungal host data. A recently developed method for generating genomic polymorphism data–ISSRseq–demonstrates evidence for four distinct lineages, including a previously unidentified lineage in the Coast Ranges and Cascades of California and Oregon, USA. There is divergence in morphology, phenology, reproductive mode, and fungal associates among the four lineages. Integrative analyses, conducted in population assignment and redundancy analysis frameworks, provide evidence of distinct genomic lineages and a similar pattern of divergence in the extended data, albeit with weaker signal. However, none of the extended data sets fully satisfy the condition of a significant role shift, which requires evidence of fixed differences. The four lineages identified in the current study are recognized at the level of variety, short of comprising different species. This study represents the most comprehensive application of lineage + role to date and illustrates the advantages of such an approach.

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Lineage and role in integrative taxonomy of a heterotrophic orchid complex

et al. 2022

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A New Species of Trillium (Melanthiaceae) from Central Georgia and its Phylogenetic Position in subgenus Sessilium

et al. 2019

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Abstract—Analysis of molecular phylogenetic data was used to reveal the existence of a novel species of Trillium subgen. Sessilium. Trillium delicatum sp. nov. differs from the two other low-growing species of the subgenus, T. decumbens and T. reliquum, in features such as straight stems and dung-scented flowers. It occurs in wet floodplain forests in the Oconee and Ocmulgee river drainages in central Georgia, and has a distinct floral scent compared to the wide spectrum in Trillium. The molecular phylogenetic results based on four markers (nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF, and rpl32-trnL spacers) included samples of all species of the subgenus, and documented the distinctiveness of T. delicatum as a distinct taxon and also provided resolution of species relationships that suggested that the subgenus originated in southeastern North America with two migrations to western North America. The molecular results also suggested the need for closer examination of T. cuneatum and T. lancifolium, and also to assess whether T. decipiens and T. underwoodii are distinct species. Based on the few known populations and susceptibility to damage by hogs, Trillium delicatum is a rare species requiring protection.

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Phylogenomics in Asarum section Hexastylis: serial innovations in floral form spawned from two geographically-widespread species.

Sinn

Daragan

Freudenstein

et al. 2018

Proc. W. Va. Acad. Sci.

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Asarum section Hexastylis (Aristolochiaceae), is a group of flowering plants endemic to the southeastern United States whose variable floral morphologies and overlapping distributions have long caused taxonomic confusion. Individual species distributions range from the entirety of the southeastern US to only a single gorge. The flowers of section Hexastylis species, to various degrees, appear to have converged on a basidiomycete-like morphology and are putatively pollinated by fungus gnats. Earlier attempts to resolve species boundaries and the evolution of floral traits in the group with commonly-used phylogenetic markers have largely been uninformative at the lowest taxonomic levels. To uncover species-level relationships, we sequenced thousands of regions dispersed throughout the nuclear genome using Double-Digestion Restriction Enzyme-Associated DNA Sequencing. Data matrices were assembled using the Pyrad pipeline. Phylogenomic inference was conducted under both maximum likelihood and coalescent frameworks. Sequencing was conducted for 97 individuals, representing all taxa in section Hexastylis. Phylogenomic inference recover two major diversification events within section Hexastylis. Phyletic grades of a geographically-widespread, paraphyletic progenitor species have repeatedly spawned geographically-restricted derivative species with novel floral shapes. Recovered phylogenetic relationships evidence parallel evolution of similar calyx tube shapes, suggesting the operation of geographically partitioned adaptive pressures, most likely associated with fungus gnat pollination. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1406732) and a William Chambers Coker Fellowship from Highlands Biological Station.

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Asarum rosei (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from the Blue Ridge Escarpment of North Carolina, USA

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Lineage and role in integrative taxonomy of a heterotrophic orchid complex

Lineage and role in integrative taxonomy of a heterotrophic orchid complex

A New Species of Trillium (Melanthiaceae) from Central Georgia and its Phylogenetic Position in subgenus Sessilium

Phylogenomics in Asarum section Hexastylis: serial innovations in floral form spawned from two geographically-widespread species.

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