Ascaris lumbricoides suum: Thermal death time of unembryonated eggs

Barnard, Robert; Bier, J. W.; Jackson, G. J.; McClure, Foster D

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(87)90016-6

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On-farm, one straight forward control initiative is to inactivate all parasite eggs before pastures are fertilised with faecal and bedding material. Such inactivation may be done through thermophilic composting, as both A. suum and T. suis eggs only survive for 1-few hours at 50 • C and few minutes at 55 • C (Burden and Ginnivan, 1978;Barnard et al, 1987). Even mesophilic composting may be efficient over time, as at least A. suum eggs embry- onated at 28 • C have much lower performance than eggs developed at lower temperatures (Arene, 1986).…”

Section: Inactivation Of a Suum And T Suis Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Roepstorff

Mejer

Nejsum

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

148

101

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a b s t r a c tHelminths in pigs have generally received little attention from veterinary parasitologists, despite Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and Oesophagostomum sp. being common worldwide. The present paper presents challenges and current research highlights connected with these parasites.In Danish swine herds, new indoor production systems may favour helminth transmission and growing knowledge on pasture survival and infectivity of A. suum and T. suis eggs indicates that they may constitute a serious threat to outdoor pig production. Furthermore, it is now evident that A. suum is zoonotic and the same may be true for T. suis. With these 'new' challenges and the economic impact of the infections, further research is warranted. Better understanding of host-parasite relationships and A. suum and T. suis egg ecology may also improve the understanding and control of human A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections.The population dynamics of the three parasites are well documented and may be used to study phenomena, such as predisposition and worm aggregation. Furthermore, better methods to recover larvae have provided tools for quantifying parasite transmission. Thus, an on-going study using helminth naïve tracer pigs has surprisingly demonstrated that soil infectivity with A. suum and T. suis increases during the first 2-3 years after pasture contamination.Though all three helminth species stimulate the Th2 arm of the immune system, Oesophagostomum seems weakly immunogenic, perhaps via specific modulation of the host immune system. A. suum and T. suis potently modulate the host immune response, up-regulating Th2 and down-regulating Th1. As a consequence, A. suum may compromise the efficacy of certain bacterial vaccines, whereas T. suis, which establish only short-term in humans, is a favourite candidate for down-regulating autoimmune Th1-related diseases in man.Some basic research findings have offered new possibilities for future sustainable control measures. For example, the heredity of host resistance to A. suum and T. suis is so high that breeding for resistant pigs may be a possibility. Experimental studies have demonstrated that fermentable dietary carbohydrates have an antagonistic effect on Oesophagostomum and to a lesser extent on T. suis and A. suum, whereas egg-destroying microfungi may be used to inactivate the hard-shelled A. suum and T. suis eggs in the environment.Helminth control in Denmark has previously relied solely on anthelmintic treatment in herds with low helminth transmission. When indoor transmission rates * Corresponding author. Tel.: +45 3533 2746. increase, or in outdoor herds with high pasture contamination levels, medication may advantageously be combined with sustainable control measures, such as selected pig genomes, bioactive forages, and egg-destroying microfungi.

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Section: Inactivation Of a Suum And T Suis Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Roepstorff

Mejer

Nejsum

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

148

101

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“…The control group cultivated at 25ºC showed 85.6% development to the L 3 stage. Different embryonation temperatures ranging between 17 and 32°C have been published by a number of researchers as the optimum temperature at which rapid development as well as the highest percentage of fully developed larvae is accomplished (Cram 1924 ;Aaron 1950;Hass and Todd 1962;Arene 1986;Barnard et al 1987;Fleming 1987). Observation in the present work indicates the optimum temperature for embryonation of A. galli eggs to be 25°C which is more or less similar to those obtained by Gazal (2009) andOnyirioha (2011) who stated 25°C and 28°C, respectively for this species.…”

Section: Freezing and Thawingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental tolerance of free-living stages of the poultry roundworm Ascaridia galli

Tarbiat

Jansson

Höglund

2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…eggs continued their development at 37oC. Barnard et al (1987) found that 50% Ascaris lumbricoides eggs survived at 50°C. and Shafir et al (2007) reported more than 75% of the eggs of Baylisascaris procyonis remained viable at 52-57°C and were only inactivated at 62°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A method for collecting eggs of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from zebrafish Danio rerio and efficacy of heat and chlorine for killing the nematode's eggs

Martins

Watral

Rodrigues-Soares

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Pseudocapillaria tomentosa is a common pathogen of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in research facilities. We developed a method to collect and concentrate the nematode eggs using a modified sugar centrifugation method, and documented their normal development. Embryonating stages with blastomere formation followed by elongation of the embryo prior to larva formation cumulated in developed larvae inside the eggs and hatching after 5–10 d. We then evaluated the efficacy of heat and chlorine to kill them based on a larva development assay. Eggs were exposed to 40, 50, 60°C for 30 min and 1 h. Chlorine treatment was performed at 100, 250, 500, 1000, 3000 and 6000 ppm for 10 min. Samples exposed to 40°C for 30 min or 1 h showed incidences of larvated eggs similar to controls. In contrast, no larvation occurred with eggs exposed to either 50 or 60°C for 30 min or 1 h. Remarkably, in repeated assays, samples exposed to low doses of chlorine (100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for 10 min) showed significantly higher incidence of larvation than controls. Eggs treated with 3,000 ppm for 10 min did not develop larvae and no eggs were found after 6,000 ppm treatment.

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Ascaris lumbricoides suum: Thermal death time of unembryonated eggs

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Environmental tolerance of free-living stages of the poultry roundworm Ascaridia galli

A method for collecting eggs of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from zebrafish Danio rerio and efficacy of heat and chlorine for killing the nematode's eggs

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