Ascent velocity and dynamics of the Fiumicino mud eruption, Rome, Italy

Vona, Alessandro; Giordano, Guido; Benedetti, A. A. De; D'Ambrosio, R.; Romano, Claudia; Manga, Michael

doi:10.1002/2015gl064571

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Water content and solid fraction were correlated to changes in the rheology, as well as the serpentine content of the samples. Similar effects regarding index properties affecting the rheology of MVs sediments have also been reported by Jeong (), Vona et al (), and Kameda and Morisaki (). Increase in solid fraction positively affect the viscosity by building up more particle‐particle interactions, while rising water content dilutes the suspension thus limiting such interactions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Both the Stokes and the Poiseuille equations were implemented by approximating the geometry of the feeder channel, integrating clasts measurements from the drilling and processing bathymetric data. Similar models have been proposed in the past for MVs on land (Collignon et al, ; Manga & Bonini, ; Tran et al, ; Vona et al, ) and on the seafloor (Kopf & Behrmann, ; Lance et al, ; Murton & Biggs, ); though none of them targeted SMVs, making this work the first contribution on the subject.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Rheology and Biostratigraphy of the Mariana Serpentine Muds Unravel Mud Volcano Evolution

et al. 2019

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In late 2016, the IODP Expedition 366 drilled 21 holes on summits and flanks of three serpentinite mud volcanoes (SMVs) of the Mariana Forearc: Yinazao (Blue Moon), Fantangisña (Celestial), and Asùt Tesoru (Big Blue). The drilling reached the forearc sediments underneath the SMVs only at Site U1498 where, according to data from this study, the biostratigraphic age of Fantangisña appears to be well constrained, with a pelagic cover on top of the serpentine mud flows of 0.44 Ma and an age of the forearc sediments of 11.21 Ma. With an estimated age of at least 10.77 Myr this is, to our knowledge, the oldest mud volcano ever dated. To link the age of the edifice with its eruptive dynamics, we performed rheological tests of natural samples of serpentine mud from the Fantangisña SMV for the first time. These experiments not only confirm the highly viscous characteristic of the mud breccia but also identify different muds' mineralogical compositions (i.e., serpentine-rich vs. serpentine-poor sediments) and water contents as being responsible for the main rheological variations. The viscosity from the rheological data, together with the physical properties of the mud breccia and the clasts measured onboard IODP366, under several assumptions, allow us to estimate of flow velocities and a depth of the mud source at ∼8.4 km below seafloor. Moreover, comparison of erupted mud breccia volumes from bathymetry, seismic data, and calculations shows how the SMV evolution is linked to episodic events, highlighting that Fantangisña has actively been expelling sediments during 2.41% of its life span.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Rheology and Biostratigraphy of the Mariana Serpentine Muds Unravel Mud Volcano Evolution

et al. 2019

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“…These bubbles would then trigger explosive bursts of the mud in a similar fashion as volcanic gasses trigger Strombolian or Vulcanian eruptions in the case of silicic magma (Gonnermann & Manga, ; Tran et al, ). The mud fragments would be then transported by ballistic pathways (Vona et al, ) to the vicinity of the conduit where those fragments would accumulate into conical edifices with a large central crater. Such a process is also known to operate in the case of gas‐rich mud volcanoes on Earth (e.g., Mazzini & Etiope, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface Sediment Mobilization in the Southern Chryse Planitia on Mars

et al. 2019

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The southern part of the smooth plain of Chryse Planitia on Mars hosts a large population of kilometer‐sized (from ~0.2 to ~20 km) landforms spread over a wide area. Based on the investigation of a small part of this area, Komatsu et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.032) proposed that the edifices may be the result of the subsurface sediment mobilization. We mapped the full extent of these landforms within Chryse Planitia and performed a morphological and spatial analysis in an attempt to further test this hypothesis. We identified a total number of 1,318 of these objects, which we grouped into five different morphological classes. The edifices can be observed over an area of 700,000 km2 near the termini of the large outflow channels, Ares, Simud, and Tiu Valles, with a nonrandom spatial distribution. The features are clustered and anticorrelated to the ancient highlands, which form erosional remnants shaped by the outflow events. This suggests a genetic link between the distribution of the edifices and the presence of the sedimentary deposits on which they are superposed. Such distribution is consistent with the previous notion that subsurface sediment mobilization may be the mechanism for their formation and is less consistent with the alternative igneous volcanic hypothesis. We also propose a scenario in which the large morphologic variability can be explained by variations of the water content within the ascending mud and by variations in the effusion rates. The edifices may represent one of the most prominent fields of sedimentary volcanism detected on Mars.

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“…Products are basaltic, i.e., silica‐poor (47 to 52% of SiO 2 at Etna [ Giacomoni et al ., ], 47–53% at Batu Tara [ Rittmann , ; Stolz et al ., ; Hoogewerff et al ., ], 52% at Stromboli [ Métrich et al ., ], and 55–59% at Yasur [ Kremers et al ., ; Gaudin et al ., ]). These low‐viscosity magmas (e.g., 10 2 to 10 4 Pa s at Stromboli [ James et al ., ; Métrich et al ., ; Gaudin et al ., ; Vona et al ., ] and 10 4 Pa s at Yasur [ Kremers et al ., ; Gaudin et al ., ]) permit the decoupling of gas, leading to Strombolian activity, occurring from vents whose diameters range between 1 and 20 m [ Chouet et al ., ; Nabyl et al ., ; Harris and Ripepe , ; James et al ., ; Gaudin et al ., ; Lorenz et al ., ].…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating puffing and explosions in a general scheme for Strombolian‐style activity

et al. 2017

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Strombolian eruptions are among the most common subaerial styles of explosive volcanism worldwide. Distinctive features of each volcano lead to a correspondingly wide range of variations of magnitude and erupted products, but most papers focus on a single type of event at a single volcano. Here, in order to emphasize the common features underlying this diversity of styles, we scrutinize a database from 35 different erupting vents, including 21 thermal infrared videos from Stromboli (Italy), Etna (Italy), Yasur (Vanuatu), and Batu Tara (Indonesia), from puffing, through rapid explosions to normal explosions, with variable ejection parameters and relative abundance of gas, ash, and bombs. Using field observations and high‐speed thermal infrared videos processed by a new algorithm, we identify the distinguishing characteristics of each type of activity and how they may relate and interact. In particular, we record that ash‐poor normal explosions may be preceded and followed by the onset or the increase of the puffing activity, while ash‐rich explosions are emergent, i.e., with inflation of the free surface followed directly by emission of increasingly large gas pockets. Overall, we see that all Strombolian activities form a continuum arising from a common mechanism and are modulated by the combination of two well‐established controls: (1) the length of the bursting gas pocket with respect to the vent diameter and (2) the presence and thickness of a high‐viscosity layer in the uppermost part of the volcanic conduit.

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Ascent velocity and dynamics of the Fiumicino mud eruption, Rome, Italy

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Rheology and Biostratigraphy of the Mariana Serpentine Muds Unravel Mud Volcano Evolution

Rheology and Biostratigraphy of the Mariana Serpentine Muds Unravel Mud Volcano Evolution

Subsurface Sediment Mobilization in the Southern Chryse Planitia on Mars

Integrating puffing and explosions in a general scheme for Strombolian‐style activity

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