Ascochitine Production by Fungi Responsible for Ascochyta Diseases of Pea

Marcinkowska, J.; Klos, B.; Shcherbakova, A M

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb01195.x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…All three types of compounds are produced by A. rabiei which has been studied most extensively (reviewed by Welle 1992 andJayakakumar et al 2005), and the toxins solanopyrones A, B and C have been isolated from culture filtrates and spore germination fluids (Hö hl et al 1991;Kaur 1995). The role of the phytotoxin ascochitine has been comprehensively studied on faba bean infected with A. fabae (Beed et al 1994), and on pea infected with A. pisi (Marcinkowska et al 1991). Suppressors (reviewed by Shiraishi et al 1994) and cell wall-degrading enzymes (Heath and Wood 1971a) were isolated and characterised from M. pinodes on pea leaves.…”

Section: Infection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the epidemiology of ascochyta blights on grain legumes

2007

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Asochyta blights of grain legumes are caused by fungal pathogens in the genus Ascochyta. Different species infect the different legume species, and in pea three species including Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella have been implicated in ascochyta blight. The impact of the diseases varies between crops, countries, seasons and cropping systems, and yield loss data collected under welldefined conditions is scarce. However, ascochyta blights are considered major diseases in many areas where legumes are grown. Symptoms appear on all aerial parts of the plant, and lesions are similar for most of the species, except for M. pinodes and P. medicaginis var. pinodella. Infected seed, stubble and/or air-borne ascospores are major sources of primary inoculum. Their importance varies between species and also between regions. All Ascochyta spp. produce rain-splashed conidia during the cropping season which are responsible for the spread of the disease within the crop canopy. Only in pea are ascospores involved in secondary disease spread. Limited data suggests that Ascochyta spp. may be hemibiotrophs; however, toxins characteristic for necrotrophs have been isolated from some of the species. Modelling of ascochyta blights is still in the developmental stage and implementation of such models for disease forecasting is the exception.

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Section: Infection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the epidemiology of ascochyta blights on grain legumes

2007

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“…Ascochitine ( 176 ; Figure ), a phytotoxic fungal metabolite, first isolated from cultures of Ascochyta pisi Lib. by Bertini, was later obtained from Ascochyta fabae Speg. by Oku and Nakanishi .…”

Section: Azaphilonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azaphilones: Chemistry and Biology

2013

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“…A correlation was shown between the pathogenicity of A. pisi and the in vitro production of ascochitine (Lepoivre 1982). Marcinkowska et al (1991) also reported ascochitine production by A. pisi , but not by A. pinodes or Ascochyta pinodella . Fungi responsible for Ascochyta blight may be considered as hemibiotrophs, characterized by an initial biotrophic phase that is followed by a necrotrophic phase (Spoel et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The mobilization of defence mechanisms in the early stages of pea seed germination against Ascochyta pisi

et al. 2012

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Ascochyta pisi is a necrotrophic pathogenic fungus, which mainly survives between seasons through infected seeds. Defence responses of pea embryo axes to A. pisi were investigated in the heterotrophic phase of seed germination and during the transition from the heterotrophic to the autotrophic phase. Germinated pea seeds, both non-inoculated and inoculated with A. pisi, were cultured in perlite for 96 h. Polarographic studies performed on intact embryo axes of germinating pea seeds infected with A. pisi showed a high respiratory intensity in time from 48 to 96 h after inoculation. Forty-eight-hour embryo axes of germinating pea seeds exhibited the highest respiration rate, which in infected axes was maintained at the following time points after inoculation. Moreover, at 72 and 96 h after inoculation, respiratory intensity was by 64% and 73% higher than in the control. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis revealed a higher concentration of semiquinone free radicals with g values of g|| = 2.0031 ± 0.0004 and g⊥ = 2.0048 ± 0.0004 in infected axes than in the control. Generation of superoxide anion radical was also higher in infected axes than in the control but stronger at 72 and 96 h after inoculation. Starting from 72 h after infection, the level of Mn2+ ions in infected axes decreased in relation to the control. At the same time, the highest activity of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) was observed in 72-h infected axes. In turn, the activity of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) up to 72 h after infection was lower than in the control. In 48-h infected embryo axes, a very high level of pterocarpan pisatin was observed. Infection of germinating pea seeds with A. pisi restricted mainly the growth of the epicotyl, but did not inhibit the increase in length and fresh weight of root embryo axes versus cultivation time. These results indicate that in pea during the stages of seed germination and early seedling growth, protective mechanisms are induced in embryo axes against A. pisi.

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Ascochitine Production by Fungi Responsible for Ascochyta Diseases of Pea

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of the epidemiology of ascochyta blights on grain legumes

Comparison of the epidemiology of ascochyta blights on grain legumes

Azaphilones: Chemistry and Biology

The mobilization of defence mechanisms in the early stages of pea seed germination against Ascochyta pisi

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