Ascorbic Acid Regulates the Immunity, Anti-Oxidation and Apoptosis in Abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the roles of ascorbic acid (AA) in immune response, anti-oxidation and apoptosis in abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). Seven semi-purified diets with graded levels of AA (0, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg) were fed to abalone (initial weight: 12.01 ± 0.001 g, initial shell length: 48.44 ± 0.069 mm) for 100 days. The survival, weight gain rate and daily increment in shell length were not affected by dietary AA. The AA content in the gill, muscle and digestive glands of abalone was significantly increased by dietary AA. In terms of immunity, dietary AA significantly improved the total hemocyte count, respiratory burst and phagocytic activity in hemolymph, and lysozyme activity in cell-free hemolymph (CFH). In the digestive gland, the TLR-MyD88-dependent and TLR-MyD88-independent signaling pathways were suppressed by dietary AA supplementation. The mRNA levels of β-defensin and arginase-I in the digestive gland were significantly increased by dietary AA. In the gill, only the TLR-MyD88-dependent signaling pathway was depressed by dietary AA to reduce inflammation in abalone. The level of mytimacin 6 in the gill was significantly upregulated by dietary AA. After Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the TLR signaling pathway in the digestive gland was suppressed by dietary AA, which reduced inflammation in the abalone. In terms of anti-oxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, as well as total anti-oxidative capacity and reduced glutathione content in CFH, were all significantly upregulated. The malondialdehyde content was significantly downregulated by dietary AA. The anti-oxidative capacity was improved by triggering the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in abalone. In terms of apoptosis, dietary AA could enhance the anti-apoptosis ability via the JNK-Bcl-2/Bax signaling cascade in abalone. To conclude, dietary AA was involved in regulating immunity, anti-oxidation and apoptosis in abalone.

The Effect of Some Food Additives on Growth Parameters of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Fingerlings

“…The values of these parameters in the present study for Endo vit. C treatment was comparable with other studies, i.e., Lin & Shiau (2004) in grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, Naggar & Lovell (1991) (Wang et al, 2003), as a result it must therefore be supplied via the feed at recommended dosages for active uptake (Trichet et al, 2015;Omoniyi & Ovie, 2018;Luo et al, 2021). The digestive physiology was affected by infeed probiotics (Thepax) through improvement of intestinal enzyme activitiesa and significant increase in at least 11% in intestinal lactic acid bacteria population was observed (Adel et al, 2016).…”

Vitamin C Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis Induced by Acute Hypoxia through the Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway in Gibel Carp (Carassius gibelio)

“…In addition, VC also promoted the expression of caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 and aggravated the apoptosis of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) cells [20]. It has been reported that VC can improve the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and immune abilities of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino [21].…”

Preclinical study for the ameliorating effect of l-ascorbic acid for the oxidative stress of chronic administration of organic nitrates on myocardial tissue in high sucrose/fat rat model

“…The present study showed a significant decrease in both serum iron level and serum TIBC in all ISMN treated groups in a concentration-dependent manner. This result can be explained by the increased serum nitric oxide by the increased ISMN dose and by the induced oxidative stress decreasing the serum iron and TIBC ( Luo et al, 2021 ). It has been reported that iron deficiency anemia increases through NO production, and elevated NO concentrations in iron deficiency anemia.…”

“…In this study, an improvement in the serum iron level and TIBC was observed by the effect of l -ascorbic acid. This improvement may be due to the beneficial effect of l -ascorbic acid to enhance iron absorption ( Tang et al, 2021 , Luo et al, 2021 ). In our study, all groups treated with ISMN showed a significant increase in serum nitric oxide concentrations.…”