2012
DOI: 10.1038/srep00572
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Ash generation and distribution from the April-May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland

Abstract: The 39-day long eruption at the summit of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April–May 2010 was of modest size but ash was widely dispersed. By combining data from ground surveys and remote sensing we show that the erupted material was 4.8±1.2·1011 kg (benmoreite and trachyte, dense rock equivalent volume 0.18±0.05 km3). About 20% was lava and water-transported tephra, 80% was airborne tephra (bulk volume 0.27 km3) transported by 3–10 km high plumes. The airborne tephra was mostly fine ash (diameter <1000 µm). At lea… Show more

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Cited by 318 publications
(402 citation statements)
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“…2010 Eyjafjallajokull, Gudmundsson et al, 2012). The October 17 phase of the eruption was the most explosive of the 4 main phases and produced about 40% of the total erupted material (Rose et al, 1978).…”
Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2010 Eyjafjallajokull, Gudmundsson et al, 2012). The October 17 phase of the eruption was the most explosive of the 4 main phases and produced about 40% of the total erupted material (Rose et al, 1978).…”
Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fine-grained tephra layers from the eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull in A.D. 2010 (Ey2010; particle sizes 0.001-0.2 mm) (14) and Grímsvötn in A.D. 2011 (G2011) (15) (Fig. S1A) have been selected for study in south Iceland, where the fallout was less than 50 mm deep.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An upward transition from early phreatomagmatic explosivity to 'dry' eruptions of Strombolian or Hawaiian type should occur rapidly yielding a thin basal sequence of stratified hydrovolcanic tephra overlain by a volumetrically dominant pile of magmatic tephra. A similar rapid upward progression was inferred for intermediate-composition products of eruptions beneath thin ice in 1969 at Deception Island (Antarctica; 70-100 m-thick ice; Smellie 2002); at Ejyafjallajökull, Iceland, in 2010 (c. 200 m-thick ice; Gudmundsson et al 2012;Cioni et al 2014); by Stevenson et al (2011) for an Icelandic rhyolitic example; and is here inferred for Oligocene (28 Ma) mafic glaciovolcanic tuff cones erupted on steep bedrock at Mt. Petras, Antarctica, described by Wilch and McIntosh (2000).…”
Section: Thermal Regime Of the Ice Associated With The Harrow Peaks Tmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…8c), surrounding the ice conduit (e.g. Smellie 2002;Gudmundsson et al 2012). Syn-eruption widening of the basal few tens of metres of the subglacial vault, caused by heat transferred to the ice cavity by warm water and tephra banked up against the ice walls, would have created an inkbottle shape to the melted cavity with a narrower tall cylindrical pathway leading to the surface (Fig.…”
Section: Volcanological and Environmental Implicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%