Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito infected with the Chikungunya virus. Symptoms include sudden fever, severe joint pain, arthritis, tenosynovitis, skin rash, myalgia, in addition to severe neurological and cardiac manifestations. The disease is endemic in all Brazilian states since 2014, with high incidence and morbidity. In 2017, it is worth highlighting the Chikungunya fever epidemic that occurred in Brazil, in which cases increased dramatically, causing serious damage to public health. Thus, the present work aims to list and compare the indicators of incidence of Chikungunya fever in the years 2017 and 2021 in the state of Tocantins and in Brazil (in general), in addition to discussing possible justifications for the data found. Given this context, an ecological study was carried out, of an epidemiological and comparative nature, through the collection of data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), followed by the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained. The study analyzed the incidence in Tocantins in the years 2017 and 2021, recording 6,615 and 1,140 cases, respectively, with an incidence of 0.48% and 0.08%. In Brazil, 245,905 cases were registered in 2017 (incidence of 0.11%) and 136,208 in 2021 (incidence of 0.06%). There was a significant drop in incidence indicators in both populations between 2017 and 2021, and the disease had a higher incidence in Tocantins than in the general Brazilian spectrum. In Tocantins, there was a higher incidence of cases in females and the age group with the highest incidence was the elderly. Therefore, in view of the scenario analyzed, it is inferred that Chikungunya fever may have the tropical climate and/or the occurrence of migrations as an expansion factor, in addition to having women and the elderly as the groups most susceptible to infection.