“…To achieve the aim outlined above, this article is realized within the framework of the theory of predicative and enunciative operations (French: Théorie des Opérations Prédicatives et Enonciatives (TOPE)) developed by Antoine Culioli and his research associates (see in particular Culioli 1990particular Culioli , 1995particular Culioli , 1999a&b, 2018; see also Groussier 2000;Osu 2003Osu , 2005 for a brief overview in English, and Franckel 1989, Fisher & Franckel 1983, Franckel & Paillard 1998, Paillard 1992. TOPE is classified as a theory of enunciation.…”