Aspects of Agrammatism in Aphasia

Abstract

The handling by aphasic patients of the grammatico-semantic aspect of word-combination is compared with their handling of the grammatico-structural aspect. Three groups of patients, with efferent motor, afferent motor and sensory aphasia (Luria Classification), respectively, were selected for observation of their performance on a number of grammatical tasks in the Russian language. The efferent motor aphasics made on the whole more grammatical errors. In assessing correctness of locational preposition phrases the efferent motor group made more errors with the grammatical case, the other two tending to mishandle the preposition itself. Other specific differences were observed in related tasks. The significance of the various differences in performance between the three groups is discussed.

Auditory Gnosis Dysfunctions in Preschool Children with Severe Speech Disorders

“…Auditory gnosis is one of basic neuropsychological mechanisms of verbal and nonverbal speech development, which functions subject to the formation of successive perception of stimuli (sounds) sequence realized in time and space (Beyn, 1979;Homskaya, 1973;Luriia, 1956). Th is is the chief distinction between auditory and other types of gnosis, which are perceived not sequentially but holistically (Beyn, 1979;Kaya et al, 2020;Kayser et al, 2005). Successive mastery of auditory gnosis requires the ability to separately (discretely) "keep track" of the elements from the row (Beyn, 1979).…”

“…Th is is the chief distinction between auditory and other types of gnosis, which are perceived not sequentially but holistically (Beyn, 1979;Kaya et al, 2020;Kayser et al, 2005). Successive mastery of auditory gnosis requires the ability to separately (discretely) "keep track" of the elements from the row (Beyn, 1979). Perception of any auditory information fragments does not provide its general understanding (Buchsbaum & D'Esposito, 2019;Surprenant & Watson, 2001).…”

“…Th rough auditory gnosis, people perceive and diff erentiate speech and nonspeech sounds, determine sound source direction and remoteness, perform auditory orientation in space, analyze sounds by frequency, intensity, duration and timbre, directly analyze various physical qualities of a sound stimulus (Kidd et al, 2007;Price et al, 2005). Depending on these characteristics, nonverbal and verbal auditory gnosis are distinguished, which are localized in the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex (Beyn, 1979;Luriia, 1956). Nonverbal auditory gnosis provides the ability to perceive and diff erentiate (Rees, 2012), and verbal -to distinguish and recognize speech sounds (Zaehle et al, 2004).…”