Aspects of Germination, Emergence, and Seed Production of Three<i>Ipomoea</i>Taxa

Gomes, Luiz Fernando; Chandler, James M.; Vaughan, C. E.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500049808

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…3). Studies by Stoller and Wax (1974) and Gomes et al (1978) also showed that seeds of /. bederacea germinate In summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…hederacea seeds germinated over a wide range of temperatures ( 16°-32°C) and osmotic potentials (0-10 bars (0-1.0 MPa]), whereas nonscarified intact seeds germinated to <20% in all temperatures tested (Crowley and Buchanan 1980). Gomes et al (1978) reported that <20% of the scarified seeds of this species germinated at 40°C, whereas none of the nonscarified seeds germinated at this temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…1995). Stoller and Wax (1974) reported chat intact seeds of this species stored dry at ambient laboratory temperature for 3 mo germinated to high percentage without further pretreatment, and Gomes et al (1978) reported that dry storage of seeds at 22°C increased germinability of n(mscari(ied seeds. Acid-scarified /.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity Cycling and Mechanism of Physical Dormancy Break in Seeds ofIpomoea hederacea(Convolvulaceae)

Jayasuriya¹,

Baskin

Geneve

et al. 2009

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Sensitivity cycling to physical dormancy (PY) break in seeds is known to occur in some Fabaceae and Convolvulaceae species. PY in seeds of species of Convolvulaceae and of some other angiosperm plant families can he broken by storing them dry. However, the mechanism of opening the warer gap In the seed coat (dormancy break) during dry storage has not been investigated. In research reported here, we determined whether sensitivity cycling occurs in seeds of Ipomoea hederacea (Convolvulaceae) and investigated the effect of dry storage on opening of the water gap. Seeds can cycle between insensitive and sensitive states to dormancy break, and dormancy can be broken in sensitive seeds by storing them dry at high to moderate temperatures. Seeds with the lower part of the hilum blocked lost a minimal amount of water during storage. Percentage water loss was significantly correlated with percentage dormancy break. Desorption of water through the hilar fissure during dry storage reduced the vapor pressure below the bulges (water gap), which caused slits to form around the bulges (opening of water gap). The amount of water desorption was low in insensitive seeds because the hilar fissure remained closed and thus the water gap did not open.

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“…3). Studies by Stoller and Wax (1974) and Gomes et al (1978) also showed that seeds of /. bederacea germinate In summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Sensitivity Cycling and Mechanism of Physical Dormancy Break in Seeds ofIpomoea hederacea(Convolvulaceae)

Jayasuriya¹,

Baskin

Geneve

et al. 2009

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…Although pitted morningglory has a hard seed coat (Gomes et al 1978), the nondormant portion of the seed population emerged soon after planting both years, especially in 2003 when 80% of the total emergence occurred by 7 DAE. Because a large percentage of the total number of seedlings emerged soon after planting with minimal emergence throughout the remainder of the study, it was difficult to fully evaluate whether soybean canopy formation influences pitted morningglory emergence.…”

Section: Weed Emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean canopy formation effects on pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) emergence

Norsworthy

2004

Weed sci.

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Field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine whether canopy formation influences pitted morningglory, common cocklebur, and sicklepod emergence in surface-tilled soybean. Each weed species was broadcast seeded before planting soybean in 19- and 97-cm-wide rows. Weed emergence beneath soybean was monitored after soybean emergence and compared with weed emergence in the absence of soybean (bareground treatment). Magnitude of daily diurnal soil temperature fluctuations diminished after soybean canopy formation, and light interception by soybean was positively related to the reduction in soil temperature. Canopy formation (50% light interception) occurred 16 to 17 d later in wide compared with narrow rows in both years. The red/far-red ratio of light available to seed on or near the soil surface was reduced from as much as 1.2 in full sunlight to less than 0.1 in the presence of a dense soybean canopy. Pitted morningglory emergence was not influenced by soybean canopy formation, whereas common cocklebur and sicklepod emergence were reduced as much as 33 and 68%, respectively. Although common cocklebur and sicklepod emergence diminished after soybean canopy formation, a small portion of the seedbank of both species emerged beneath the canopy. This research indicates that in a tilled system, emergence of some weed species is diminished by presence of an overlying canopy, but emergence does not completely cease with canopy formation. Late-season emergence of sicklepod and common cocklebur beneath a soybean canopy may contribute to replenishment of the soil seedbank, especially if these late-emerging cohorts are capable of surviving until the light environment is favorable for seed production.

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“…Germination was determined by placing 50 seeds in a 10-cm-diameter petri dish with a filter paper to maintain moisture and 10 ml deionized-distilled water. Seeds were placed in a germination chamber at 28 C, and germination was determined after 10 d (Creel et al 1968;Gomes et al 1978) considering a seed germinated when the radicle was at least 5 mm long.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Production and Control of Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) with 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate Combinations

León

Ferrell

Sellers³

2016

Weed technol.

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Sicklepod and pitted morningglory are two of the most important weed species in row-crop production in the southeastern United States. The upcoming introduction of soybean and cotton varieties resistant to 2,4-D and dicamba will increase the reliance on these auxinic herbicides. However, it is not clear how these herbicides will affect sicklepod and pitted morningglory control. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Jay, FL to determine whether 2,4-D (560 and 1,120 g ae ha−1), dicamba (420 and 840 g ae ha−1), and glyphosate (1,060 g ae ha−1) alone or in combination applied when weed shoots were 11 (early POST [EPOST]) and 22 (late POST [LPOST]) cm long effectively control and prevent seed production of sicklepod and pitted morningglory. LPOST provided more effective control of sicklepod than EPOST. This was attributed to emergence of sicklepod seedlings after the EPOST application. When glyphosate was tank mixed with 2,4-D or dicamba, sicklepod control was higher (78 to 89% and 87 to 98% in 2013 and 2014, respectively) than for single-herbicide treatments (45 to 77% and 38 to 80% in 2013 and 2014, respectively) 6 wk after treatment (WAT). Pitted morningglory control was not affected by application timing, and 2,4-D provided 91 to 100% 6 WAT, which was equivalent to treatments with tank mixtures containing glyphosate. Dicamba applied at 420 g ha−1had the lowest pitted morningglory control (44 to 70% and 82 to 86% in 2013 and 2014, respectively). Sicklepod and pitted morningglory plants that survived and recovered from herbicide treatments produced the same number of viable seeds as nontreated plants in most treatments. The results of the present study indicated that the use of 2,4-D and dicamba alone will not provide adequate extended control of sicklepod, and the use of tank mixtures that combine auxinic herbicides with glyphosate or other POST herbicides will be necessary to manage sicklepod adequately in 2,4-D- or dicamba-resistant soybean and cotton. Because sicklepod plants that survived a single herbicide application are capable of producing abundant viable seeds, integrated approaches that include PRE herbicides and sequential POST control options may be necessary to ensure weed seed bank reductions.

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Aspects of Germination, Emergence, and Seed Production of ThreeIpomoeaTaxa

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

Sensitivity Cycling and Mechanism of Physical Dormancy Break in Seeds ofIpomoea hederacea(Convolvulaceae)

Sensitivity Cycling and Mechanism of Physical Dormancy Break in Seeds ofIpomoea hederacea(Convolvulaceae)

Soybean canopy formation effects on pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) emergence

Seed Production and Control of Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) with 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate Combinations

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