Aspects of the bionomics of <i>Phlebotomus sergenti</i> sandflies from an endemic area of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Aleppo Governorate, Syria

Maroli, M.; Jalouk, L.; Ahmed, Mohammed; Bianchi, R. M.; Bongiorno, Gioia; Khoury, Cristina; Gradoni, Luigi

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00808.x

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that cats constitute sources of blood for sand flies (Johnson et al, 1993;Ogusuku et al, 1994;Maroli et al, 2009;Afonso et al, J HELLENIC VET MED SOC 2017, 68(1) ΠΕΚΕ 2017 2012; Baum et al, 2013). Τhe ability of the vector to properly complete feeding on cats and acquire infection has been indirectly proved after the experimental demonstration of infectiousness of two infected cats to sand flies (Maroli et al, 2007;da Silva et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

Giannakopoulos

Tsokana

Papadopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence of Leishmania spp infection and to report the geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infected cats from Thessaly, central Greece, an endemic region for canine and human leishmaniosis. Blood samples were collected from a total of 150 cats (34 stray and 116 owned) from the area of Thessaly, i.e. Larissa (n=6), Volos (n=94), Trikala (n=30) and Karditsa (n=20). Data on signalment and living conditions were registered for each cat. The samples were tested by Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 nested PCR (ITS1 nested PCR). Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to define the geographical distribution of the Leishmania spp infected cats in relation to the land uses and the altitude. In total, 13.3% (95% CI: 8.3-19.8) of the sampled cats were found positive for Leishmania spp DNA. More precisely, the results are 12.8% (95% CI 6.8-21.2) in Volos, 20% (95% CI 6.8-21.2) in Trikala and 10% (95% CI 12-31.7) in Karditsa while none of the six cats examined from the region of Larissa was found PCR positive. The Leishmania spp infected cats were found in artificial surfaces and associated areas and in cultivated and managed areas with a mean altitude of 81,7 m above sea level (range 14 - 225 ± 51.57 SD). No significant correlation was found between Leishmania spp infection and signalment or living conditions, thus suggest ing that the infection is uniformly distributed among the screened feline population. The findings of this study along with the occurrence of competent vectors of Leishmania infantum in Thessaly, support the hypothesis that cats may serve as a reservoir for Leishmania spp in this region and highlight the need for surveillance in feline population and implementation of control measures. However, the epidemiological role of cats in the maintenance and transmission of Leishmania spp has yet to be defined and deserves further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

Giannakopoulos

Tsokana

Papadopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…Sequences of the ITS1 gene amplified from skin lesions of 70 patients showed that L. tropica is the causative agent of CL in both provinces. This species is also the main agent of CL in the highly endemic Aleppo province, northern Syria [ 9 , 36 ] and in several foci in neighbouring countries [ 37 , 38 ]. PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS1 gene is commonly used to detect intraspecific genetic diversity among L. tropica species [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the central provinces of Hama and Edlib in Syria: Vector identification and parasite typing

Haddad

Saliba

Altawil³

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted by sand fly bites. This disease is highly prevalent in Syria where Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica are the known aetiological agents. In 2011, more than 58,000 cases were reported in the country by the Ministry of Health. The central region of the country harbors 20 % of the reported cases. However, the epidemiology of the disease in this area is not well understood. An epidemiological survey was conducted in 2010 to identity the circulating parasite and the sand fly vector in the central provinces of Edlib and Hama.MethodsSand fly specimens were collected using CDC light traps and identified morphologically. Total DNA was extracted from the abdomens of female specimens and from Giemsa-stained skin lesion smears of 80 patients. Leishmania parasites were first identified by sequencing the ITS1 gene amplicons. Then polymorphism analysis was performed using the RFLP technique.ResultsA total of 2142 sand flies were collected. They belonged to eight species, among which Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus papatasi were the most predominant.L. tropica ITS1 gene was amplified from two pools of P. sergenti specimens and from skin smears of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. This suggests that P. sergenti is the potential vector species in the study area. The digestion profiles of the obtained amplicons by TaqI restriction enzyme were identical for all analysed L. tropica parasites. Moreover, L. infantum ITS1 gene was amplified from two pools of Phlebotomus tobbi in the relatively humid zone of Edlib.ConclusionsL. tropica is confirmed to be the aetiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the central provinces. RFLP technique failed to show any genetic heterogeneity in the ITS1 gene among the tested parasites. The molecular detection of this parasite in human skin smears and in P. sergenti supports the vector status of this species in the study area. The detection of L. infantum in P. tobbi specimens indicates a potential circulation of this parasite in the humid zone of Edlib. Further epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the burden of this visceral parasite in the study region.

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“…They added that the widespread co-distribution of M. guentheri and P. papatasi, suggested a significant threat from the spread of ZCL in the Middle East, central Asia and southern Europe. Maroli et al (2009) in Syria identified three foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Aleppo Governorate. The common sandflies were P. papatasi (68%); P. sergenti (25.4%); Sergentomyia minuta (6.4%); P. tobbi (0.1%), and P. mascittii canaaniticus (0.1%).…”

Section: Review and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand-Fly Phlebotomus Papatasi ( Phlebotominae ) : A General Review with Special Reference to Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Egypt

Saleh¹,

Labib²,

Abdel-Fattah³

2015

JESP

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Leishmania are digenetic protozoa which inhabit two hosts, the sandfly where they grow as promastigotes in the gut, and the mammalian macrophage where they grow as amastigotes. Sandfly (or sand fly) is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, bloodsucking Dipteran encountered in sandy areas. In the United States, sandfly may refer to certain horse flies that are also known as "greenheads" (family Tabanidae), or to members of the family Ceratopogonidae, also known in Florida and elsewhere as a sand gnat, sandflea, no-see-um (no-see-em, noseeum), granny nipper, chitra, punkie, or punky. Outside the United States, sandfly may refer to members of the subfamily Phlebotominae within the Psychodidae. Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) are sometimes called sand flies or no-see-ums (no-see-em, noseeum). New Zealand sandflies are in the Austrosimulium genus, a type of black fly. Of 500 known phlebotomine species, only some 30 of them have been positively identified as vectors of the disease. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a protozoan disease well documented not only in Egypt, but in nearly all the East Mediterranean Countries. It is prevalent in the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula with at least three identified foci.

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Aspects of the bionomics of Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies from an endemic area of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Aleppo Governorate, Syria

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the central provinces of Hama and Edlib in Syria: Vector identification and parasite typing

Sand-Fly Phlebotomus Papatasi ( Phlebotominae ) : A General Review with Special Reference to Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Egypt

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