Aspects of the hormonal regulation of appetite in fish with emphasis on goldfish, Atlantic cod and winter flounder: Notes on actions and responses to nutritional, environmental and reproductive changes

Goldfish spexin: solution structure and novel function as a satiety factor in feeding control

“…Since the brain areas identified also overlapped with the areas described previously for feeding control in goldfish (41), the function role of SPX in food intake was investigated by 1) tracking the temporal changes in SPX mRNA expression in these brain areas before and after feeding and 2) examining the effects of SPX treatment on food consumption and feeding behaviors in goldfish. To elucidate the mechanisms for feeding control by SPX, both in vivo and in vitro approaches were used to unveil the central effects of SPX on transcript expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors reported previously in goldfish (46). Our studies as a whole provide new information on the solution structure of SPX and its novel function as a satiety factor for feeding control in the fish model.…”

Increased food intake in growth hormone-transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) may be mediated by upregulating Agouti-related protein (AgRP)

“…In the brain, the hypothalamus is the primary center of feeding regulation. A large number of neuropeptides regulate food intake and energy homeostasis, including orexigenic factors, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti-related protein (AgRP) and orexins; and anorexigenic factors, such as pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (Volkoff et al, 2009). In goldfish (Carassius auratus) and catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of NPY stimulated food intake (Lopez-Patino et al, 1999;Silverstein and Plisetskaya, 2000).…”

Ghrelin O-Acyl Transferase in Zebrafish Is an Evolutionarily Conserved Peptide Upregulated During Calorie Restriction

“…1,3,4 Peripheral organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue also secrete hormones that regulate energy balance. Several central and peripheral neuroendocrine tissues receive input on energy status, and respond to regulate energy intake and expenditure.…”