Aspirin Dose and Duration of Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Men

Chan, Andrew T.; Giovannucci, Edward; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A.; Schernhammer, Eva; Wu, Kana; Fuchs, Charles S.

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.09.035

Cited by 223 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…There is plausible evidence that chronic inflammation plays an etiologic role in colorectal carcinogenesis, as it has been consistently observed that individuals with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases have a higher risk of colorectal cancer [79,80]. In addition, the use of aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer, which gives further support for a role of inflammation in colorectal carcinogenesis [81][82][83][84]. Obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation [4] may play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis through fostering cell proliferation, cell survival and migration [85].…”

Section: Inflammatory Markersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Obesity Biomarkers, Metabolism and Risk of Cancer: An Epidemiological Perspective

Nimptsch

Pischon

2016

Recent Results in Cancer Research

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Obesity is associated with metabolic alterations that may pose a biological link between body fatness and risk of cancer. Elucidating the role of obesity-related biomarkers in cancer development is essential for developing targeted strategies aiming at obesity-associated cancer prevention. Molecular epidemiological studies of the past decades have provided evidence that major hormonal pathways linking obesity and cancer risk include the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis, sex-steroid hormones, adipokines, and chronic low-grade inflammation. These pathways are interrelated with each other and their importance varies by obesity-related cancer type. The insulin/IGF-1 axis has been implicated to play an important mediating role in the association between obesity and risk of pancreatic, colorectal and prostate cancer. Endogenous sex-steroid hormone concentrations, in particular obesity-associated prediagnostic elevations of estrogens and androgens, play an important role in postmenopausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer development. The adipokines adiponectin and leptin and adipocyte-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation represented by the acute-phase C-reactive protein may explain a substantial part of the assocation between obesity and risk of colorectal cancer. There is less evidence on whether these hormonal pathways play a mediating role in other obesity-associated types of cancer. In this chapter, the molecular epidemiologic evidence from 2 prospective studies relating circulating obesity-related biomarkers to cancer risk is summarized, taking into account available evidence from Mendelian Randomization investigations aiming at improving causal inference.

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Section: Inflammatory Markersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Obesity Biomarkers, Metabolism and Risk of Cancer: An Epidemiological Perspective

Nimptsch

Pischon

2016

Recent Results in Cancer Research

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“…An analysis of 662424 men and women enrolled in the Cancer Prevention Study Ⅱ cohort showed that daily use of aspirin for at least 5 years was associated with a 32% reduction in risk of CRC [9] . Two cohort studies of United States health professionals (47363 men and 82911 women) showed that regular aspirin users (≥ 2 times/wk) had 21% and 23% lower risk of CRC, respectively, during follow-up periods of 18 and 20 years respectively [10,11] . Moreover, in a separate analysis of a Nurses Health Study cohort, regular aspirin use also reduced the risk of death from CRC by 28% and risk of death from any type of cancer by 12% [12] .…”

Section: Clinical Effects Of Aspirin On Sporadic Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some suggested that 300-325 mg may be necessary for CRC prevention but most provided incomplete information regarding the dose and duration of aspirin treatment [7,8,10,11,27] . Therefore, taking the clinical trial and observational information together, there is very strong evidence that long-term LDA (75-325 mg/d) reduces the risk of CRC.…”

Section: Ppi Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirin, cyclooxygenase inhibition and colorectal cancer

Sostres

Gargallo

Lanas

2014

WJGPT

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Screening measures are far from adequate and not widely available in resourcepoor settings. Primary prevention strategies therefore remain necessary to reduce the risk of developing CRC. Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies, randomized clinical trials and basic science supports the effectiveness of aspirin, as well as other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for chemoprevention of several types of cancer, including CRC. This includes the prevention of adenoma recurrence and reduction of CRC incidence and mortality. The detectable benefit of daily low-dose aspirin (at least 75 mg), as used to prevent cardiovascular disease events, strongly suggests that its antiplatelet action is central to explaining its antitumor efficacy. Daily low-dose aspirin achieves complete and persistent inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 in platelets (in pre-systemic circulation) while causing a limited and rapidly reversible inhibitory effect on COX-2 and/or COX-1 expressed in nucleated cells. Aspirin has a short half-life in human circulation (about 20 minutes); nucleated cells have the ability to resynthesize acetylated COX isozymes within a few hours, while platelets do not. COX-independent mechanisms of aspirin have been suggested to explain its chemopreventive effects but this concept remains to be demonstrated in vivo at clinical doses.© 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.Key words: Aspirin; Colorectal cancer; Cyclooxygenase inhibition; Mechanisms; Risk; Benefits Core tip: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, CRC screening programs are not widely available and need to be improved. New prevention strategies are therefore necessary. Daily low-dose aspirin, as given for the prevention of cardiovascular disease events, has demonstrated benefits in clinical and basic studies in terms of preventing adenoma recurrence and decreasing the incidence of CRC and attributable mortality. These findings indicate that the antiplatelet action of aspirin plays a central role in its antitumor effect. Cyclooxygenasedependent and independent mechanisms have been suggested to explain this effect. Extensive translational medical research is mandatory for future progress in CRC prevention.Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Lanas A. Aspirin, cyclooxygenase inhibition and colorectal cancer.

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“…[75][76][77] Multiple prospective observational studies have demonstrated an association between aspirin use and decreased CRC mortality. [78][79][80] Data on aspirin as a treatment for CRC (postdiagnosis usage) are more limited and drawn only from observational studies. Domingo et al 81 and Liao et al 82 found a survival advantage for posttreatment aspirin users only in patients whose tumors exhibit PIK3CA mutations; however, a recent cohort study did not validate these observations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomarkers for the Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer: Guideline From the American Society for Clinical Pathology, College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology

Sepulveda

Hamilton²,

Allegra

et al. 2017

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

126

101

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Objectives.-To develop evidence-based guideline recommendations through a systematic review of the literature to establish standard molecular biomarker testing of colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues to guide epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies and conventional chemotherapy regimens.Methods.-The American Society for Clinical Pathology, College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an expert panel to develop an evidence-based guideline to establish standard molecular biomarker testing and guide therapies for patients with CRC. A comprehensive literature search that included more than 4,000 articles was conducted.Results.-Twenty-one guideline statements were established.Conclusions.-Evidence supports mutational testing for EGFR signaling pathway genes, since they provide clinically actionable information as negative predictors of benefit to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapies for targeted therapy of CRC. Mutations in several of the biomarkers have clear prognostic value. Laboratory approaches to operationalize CRC molecular testing are presented.

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Aspirin Dose and Duration of Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Men

Abstract: Background and Aims-Long-term data on the risk of colorectal cancer according to dose, duration, and consistency of aspirin therapy are limited.

Cited by 223 publications

References 55 publications

Obesity Biomarkers, Metabolism and Risk of Cancer: An Epidemiological Perspective

Obesity Biomarkers, Metabolism and Risk of Cancer: An Epidemiological Perspective

Aspirin, cyclooxygenase inhibition and colorectal cancer

Molecular Biomarkers for the Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer: Guideline From the American Society for Clinical Pathology, College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology

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