This analysis has demonstrated that the highest risk for AAT deficiency is found in Whites, followed by Hispanics and Blacks with the lowest prevalence among Mexican Americans and no risk among Asians. The numbers for those at risk for AAT deficiency in the United States are well documented and in the present analysis there are, for example, a total of 48,904 PI*ZZ homozygotes at risk. The critical question for our healthcare professionals is 'When will the medical community acknowledge that AAT deficiency is a prevalent and well-documented human genetic disorder and develop appropriate mechanisms for early diagnosis, medical follow-up and treatment both in the United States and worldwide?'