Assay and properties of some sulphur enzymes in coastal sands

Skiba, U.; Wainwright, Milton

doi:10.1007/bf02374755

Plant Soil

1983

DOI: 10.1007/bf02374755

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Assay and properties of some sulphur enzymes in coastal sands

U. Skiba

Milton Wainwright

Abstract: SummaryArylsulphohydrolase; cysteine desulphohydrase and thiosulphate cyanide sulphurtransferase were assayed in coastal sands and their properties determined. Low enzyme activity was detected in sands lacking vegetation, but much higher activities were detected in the rhizospheres of climax vegetation; Hippopha~ rhamnoides and Ammophila sp. Properties of the enzymes were generally similar to those quoted for the enzymes in soils.

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Cited by 9 publications

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Analytik und Vorkommen des Thiocyanates in der Meeresumwelt

Weuffena

Brügmann

Thürkow³

1987

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Analytik und Vorkommen des Thiocyanates in der MeeresumweltSzm mary: Starting from the working hypothesis t h a t thiocyanate is ubiquitous in the animate nature, marine saniples (sediment, zooplankton and sea water) mere investigated. I n the sediment of the Western Baltic Sea there were found 0.3 ... 1.0 and in the zooplankton 2 ... 6 mg/kg thiocyanate in the dry weight. Values of 3 ... 4 pg/l resulted for sea water (Baltic and Atlantic).The analytical determinations were made by t h e use of modified techniques, on the one hand, by the isolation of thiocyanate after its conversion into hydrogen cyanide with a subsequent spectrophotometric measurement (sediment) and, on the other hand, by paper-chromatographic separation, conversion into cyanogen bromide and its gas-chromatographic detection (sediment, zooplankton). Einf uhrungThiocyanat (SCX-) scheirit in der belebten Natur ubiqiiitiir rerbreitet und zugleich yon wesentliclier Bedeutung fiir den Ablauf von Lebensprozessen Z I I sein ( KEWMAN ; WEUFFEN; WEUFFEN, KRAMER und THURKOW). Das gilt z. B. fiir eine Fiirderung der humoralen Immunantwort (WEUFFEN und BOHNENSTENGEL) und verallgenieinernd kann die Arbeitshypothese zugrunde gelegt werden, dab Thiocyaiiationen i~inerhalb physiologischer Konzentratioiishereiche einen Einflun auf wichtige hiochemische Funktioneii hahen, z. B. auf die Membranpernieabilitat wid anf Enzym-aktivit8aten. L)as n-irkt sieh 1)esonders an stark proliferierenden Geweben aus ( R'EUFFNN).Vieles spricht, dafiir, daR Thiocyanat wahrend der priibiotisch-chemischen Evolut i o n der Erde entst'anden ist, sich iiber das Wasser verteilt hat uiid ferner als Briickenglied znischen aiiorganischen wid organischen Stoffklassen anzusehen ist. Bei vorsictitigem Erhitzen aiif etwa 140 "C unter gewohnlichem Druck wandelt sich Ammoniumthiocyaiiat in den isoineren Thioharnstoff u m (REYNOLDS). Die Reaktion ist nnikehrhar und ~e r l a u f t deshalh nicht rollstandig (VOLHARD). Thiocyanat ist ein lineares Pseudohalogenidion voni aml>ivalenteii Bindiingstyp, das 2111' ;\irst)ilduiig koordinatirer Bindungell mit rielen Jletallionen fkhig ist. Mit Cobalt,, Sickel, Zink und Indium bildet es stabilere Koinplese als die Halogenidionen ( S A M O J L E N < O ) . Die Komplexhildung desThiocyanates niit hletalhonen diirfte an vielen Stellen der Stoffkreislaufe und -fliisse der belebten uiid nnbelebten Natur roii Bedeutiing sein.Wir haben iins die Aufgabe gestellt, die \~ert,eilringsniust~er des Thiocyanates in der Meeresumwelt, d. 11. im Wasser, in1 Sediment urid in Organismen zu untersuchen.

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Analytik und Vorkommen des Thiocyanates in der Meeresumwelt

Weuffena

Brügmann

Thürkow³

1987

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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The characterization of amidohydrolases in a freshwater lake sediment

Sallis

Burns

1989

Microb Ecol

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The properties of three amidohydrolases, i.e., urease (I) EC 3.5.1.5, L-asparaginase (II) EC 3.5.1.1, and L-glutaminase (III) EC 3.5.1.2, were studied in sediment samples taken from a shallow eutrophic freshwater lake.Sediment samples were air dried (ADS) and stored for at least 3 months before being enzymically characterized. The pH optimum of I, II, and III were pH 7.0, 8.4, and 6.5-7.0, respectively, while III in soluble extracts from ADS was most active between pH 8.0 and 9.0. The temperature response of the three enzymes in ADS gave Ea values of 38.9, 41.6, and 35.9 kJmol(-1) for I, II, and III, respectively. Km and Vmax values for ADS I, II, and III were 1.2 mM and 1.9μmol NH3 g(-1)h(-1); 0.8 mM and 4.1μmol NH3 g(-1)h(-1); and 1.25 mM and 17.4μmol NH3 g(-1)h(-1). Km values for all three enzymes in ADS extracts were at least an order of magnitude greater than those of the ADS. The susceptability of each enzyme to proteolysis was followed in ADS and fresh wet sediment and compared with that of III in an ADS extract. All sediment enzymes were found to be more resistant than the commercial preparation of bacterial L-glutaminase subjected to the same treatment. These results suggested that I, II, and III all exist to some extent as colloid-immobilized enzyme fractions in freshwater sediments and are analogous to the stable enzyme fractions in soils.

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Oxidation of elemental-S in coastal-dune sands and soils

Skiba

Wainwright

1984

Plant Soil

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Assay and properties of some sulphur enzymes in coastal sands

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Analytik und Vorkommen des Thiocyanates in der Meeresumwelt

Analytik und Vorkommen des Thiocyanates in der Meeresumwelt

The characterization of amidohydrolases in a freshwater lake sediment

Oxidation of elemental-S in coastal-dune sands and soils

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