Assay of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Various Dosage Forms by Acid-dye Method

Chatten, L.G.; Okamura, Kei

doi:10.1002/jps.2600620820

Cited by 40 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The calculation of the variation in the thermodynamic magnitudes AGO, AHO, and AS0 was carried out using the The calculated constants justify, within their respective confidence intervals, the linear regression of eq. [6] as can be seen in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Formation Constants and Thermodynamic Parameters Corres-mentioning

confidence: 56%

Associations of ajmaline and homatropine with bromocresol green and bromophenol blue in dichloromethane: thermodynamic and kinetic parameters

Gainza¹

1987

Can. J. Chem.

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. Ajmaline (AJ) and homatropine (HM) react with bromocresol green (BCG) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in dichloromethane forming 1: 1 and 1:2 ion pairs clearly in a chemical equilibrium. Thermodynamic parameters AGO, AH', and ASQ are calculated using the Van't Hoff equation. In a large excess of HM a product P is formed from the 1:2 ion pair in a pseudo-first order kinetic process which fits Arrhenius' equation. The P product has been identified as a type of charge transfer complex. The thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the formation of the ion pairs BPB-(AJ), , BCG-(AJ),, BPB-(HM), , and BCG-(HM), are, respectively: AGO at 294 K, -26, -21, -26, and -19 kJ/mol; AH O, -63, -39, -63, and -61 kJ/mol; AS', -125, -62, -125, and -138 J/K mol (AH' and AS0 determined in a 288 to 3 13 K range). The values of the activation energy, E,, for the reaction of HM (in large excess) with BCG and BPB are 58 and 91 kJ/mol. IntroductionThe two phase photometric titration of amines with sulphonphthaleinic dyes is an important method for the analysis of pharmacologically active substances.The most widely proposed dye is bromothymol blue (BTB) because of its high hydrophobicity and exclusive extraction as 1:l associates in the complete pH range (1-6).The reaction, however, is unspecific. This is a disadvantage and a number of studies have been dedicated to this aspect (7,8). More recently, Sakai (9, 10) has proposed a method of selective extraction for a number of quaternary ammonium ions using the 1:2 associates of bromocresol green (BCG) and bromophenol blue (BPB) and quinine as a favourable substance for quantitative extraction of the complex. The stoichiometry assigned to the complex is 1: 1: 1 (quinine:dye:ammonium ion) and it is the quinine which is responsible for the specificity of the extraction of the'quaternary ammonium ion. The dye is extracted as divalent anion, X2-, associated at the same time with protonated quinine, QH+, and the quaternary ammonium compound, B' .In this study the formation of ion pairs of the divalent anion, X2-, of BCG and BPB with the alkaloids ajmaline (AJ) and homatropine (HM) is investigated. The changes in the visibleultraviolet absorption spectra of mixed solutions of BCG and BPB with variable quantities of AJ and HM in dichloromethane are elucidated. The formation of 1: 1 and 1:2 ion pairs in a clear chemical equilibrium is established and the variations in the thermodynamic variables, AGO, AH', and AS' are calculated from the spectrophotometric measurements.With a large excess of HM there appear new changes in the visible absorption spectrum of BCG and BPB; changes which cannot be attributed to the formation of ion pairs. The formation of a third product, P, in a pseudo-first order kinetic process is established, and the kinetic parameters are calculated from the spectrophotometric measurements.

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Section: Formation Constants and Thermodynamic Parameters Corres-mentioning

confidence: 56%

Associations of ajmaline and homatropine with bromocresol green and bromophenol blue in dichloromethane: thermodynamic and kinetic parameters

Gainza¹

1987

Can. J. Chem.

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“…[11] Isopropamide iodide (ISO) is γ -(aminocarbonyl)-N-methyl-N,Nbis (1-methylethyl) -γ -phenylbenzenepropanaminium iodide. [3] Various spectrophotometric methods have been reported for the determination of ISO by measurement of the UV absorption at 225 nm, [13] first and second derivatives spectrophotometry, [14] ion pair formation with methyl orange, [15] and charge transfer complexation with iodine. The official method for the determination of ISO is non-aqueous titration with perchloric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric determination of isopropamide Iodide and trifluoperazine hydrochloride in presence of trifluoperazine oxidative degradate

Abbas

Zaazaa

Abdelkawy

et al. 2010

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Four sensitive, selective and precise stability indicating methods for the determination of isopropamide iodide (ISO) and trifluoperazine hydrochloride (TPZ) in their binary mixture and in presence of trifluoperazine oxidative degradate (OXD). Method A is a derivative spectrophotometric one, where ISO was determined by first derivative (D(1)) at 226.4 nm while TPZ was determined by second derivative (D(2)) at 270.2 nm. Method B is the first derivative of the ratio spectra (DD(1)) spectrophotometric method, ISO can be determined by measuring the peak amplitude at 227.4 nm using 5 microg mL(-1) of OXD as a divisor, while TPZ can be determined by measuring the peak amplitude at 249.2 and 261.4 nm using 15 microg mL(-1) of ISO as a divisor. Method C is the isoabsorptive spectrophotometric method. This method allows determination of ISO and TPZ in their binary mixture by measuring total concentration of ISO and TPZ at their isoabsorptive point at lambda(229.8) nm (Aiso1) while TPZ concentration alone can be determined at lambda(max) 311.2 nm, then ISO concentration can be determined by subtraction. On the same basis TPZ can be determined in presence of ISO and OXD, where OXD concentration alone was determined by measuring the peak amplitude at lambda(281.6) and lambda(309.4) nm while total concentration of TPZ and OXD was determined at their isoabsorptive points at (Aiso2 = 270.2 nm), (Aiso3 = 310.6 nm) and (Aiso4 = 331.8 nm) then TPZ concentration was determined by subtraction. Method D is the multivariate calibration techniques [the classical least squares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS)], using the information contained in the absorption spectra of ISO, TPZ and OXD mixtures. The selectivity of the proposed methods was checked using laboratory prepared mixtures. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of ISO and TPZ in pharmaceutical dosage form without interference from other dosage form additives and the results were statistically compared with the reported method.

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“…There have been various methods reported to determine BZK, i.e. extraction by complexed BZK with dyes [15], titration of quaternary ammonium compounds [3], pyrolysis and subsequent gas chromatography [16], direct inlet mass spectrometry [17] and various highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques for non-biological aqueous solution [18] or pharmaceutical formulations [19][20][21]. Blood or tissue BZK concentrations have been rarely measured [11,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic characteristics and toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride following intravascular and oral administration in rats

Yang

Hieda

Kimura

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography B

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Assay of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Various Dosage Forms by Acid-dye Method

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Associations of ajmaline and homatropine with bromocresol green and bromophenol blue in dichloromethane: thermodynamic and kinetic parameters

Associations of ajmaline and homatropine with bromocresol green and bromophenol blue in dichloromethane: thermodynamic and kinetic parameters

Spectrophotometric determination of isopropamide Iodide and trifluoperazine hydrochloride in presence of trifluoperazine oxidative degradate

Kinetic characteristics and toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride following intravascular and oral administration in rats

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