Assay of the Nutritive Value of a Protein by its Effect on Liver Cytoplasm

Campbell, Rosa M.; Kosterlitz, H. W.

doi:10.1038/1641136a0

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A variety of techniques involving the recovery of weight or of specific tissues after protein depletion have been proposed (42,43,44,45). The specific merits of such assays as opposed to weight gain of young rats, for example, remain to be demonstrated.…”

Section: Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper

Merritt

Fleet

Fifi

et al. 2020

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Parents and caretakers are increasingly feeding infants and young children plant-based “milk” (PBM) alternatives to cow milk (CM). The US Food and Drug Administration currently defines “milk” and related milk products by the product source and the inherent nutrients provided by bovine milk. Substitution of a milk that does not provide a similar nutritional profile to CM can be deleterious to a child's nutritional status, growth, and development. Milk's contribution to the protein intake of young children is especially important. For almond or rice milk, an 8 oz serving provides only about 2% or 8%, respectively, of the protein equivalent found in a serving of CM. Adverse effects from the misuse of certain plant-based beverages have been well-documented and include failure to gain weight, decreased stature, kwashiorkor, electrolyte disorders, kidney stones, and severe nutrient deficiencies including iron deficiency anemia, rickets, and scurvy. Such adverse nutritional outcomes are largely preventable. It is the position of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) Nutrition Committee, on behalf of the society, that only appropriate commercial infant formulas be used as alternatives to human milk in the first year of life. In young children beyond the first year of life requiring a dairy-free diet, commercial formula may be a preferable alternative to cow's milk, when such formula constitutes a substantial source of otherwise absent or reduced nutrients (eg, protein, calcium, vitamin D) in the child's restricted diet. Consumer education is required to clarify that PBMs do not represent an equivalent source of such nutrients. In this position paper, we provide specific recommendations for clinical care, labelling, and needed research relative to PBMs.

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Section: Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper

Merritt

Fleet

Fifi

et al. 2020

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Liver size and its N content are very sensitive to variations in dietary protein and energy in the growing and adult rat. Under certain circumstances, additions of carbohydrate and of fat to diets adequate in protein (Munro & Naismith, 1953;Kshirsager & Patwardhan, 1959) and additional dietary protein alone (Campbell & Kosterlitz, 1948) all cause an increase in rat liver protein, the dietary energy and protein acting independently of each other. However, it cannot be assumed that the foetal liver will respond similarly to these dietary changes, although the size and N content of the foetal liver may reflect the concentration of the maternal plasma protein.…”

Section: The Effect Of Diet On Liver Size and Its Vitamin A Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver weight and its N and vitamin A contents in piglets from sows fed two levels of protein and food

Frape¹,

Wolf²,

Wilkinson³

et al. 1969

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYGestating female pigs received either a low or a high intake per day of diets containing either a low or high protein concentration. A change in the composition of both diets occurred after 2 years, when the protein quality of the high protein diet was improved and the energy content of both diets was increased. Vitamin A determinations were carried out on 245 piglet livers and 32 pairs of kidneys and lungs at birth from 47 sows. The livers, kidneys and lungs of 16 sows were also analysed for vitamin A after approximately 4 years on experiment. Vitamin A was detected at birth with antimony trichloride in the liver of the piglet, but not in the kidney or lung. The sow's kidney was found to contain only small amounts and lung tissue only traces.A dietary vitamin A level of 4800 i.u./kg during the breeding life of healthy sows, or 8600 i.u./day during gestation, was adequate from the point of view of both a constant storage in piglet livers at birth over eight to ten parities and a relatively high concentration remaining in sow livers after that period. This conclusion is in line with recommendations of the Agricultural Research Council (1966).As a consequence of differences in both the condition of the sows and in their responses in the two periods, the results for each period are presented separately. In the first 2-year period, when the sows received a relatively low intake of dietary protein during gestation (between 248 and 317 g protein/sow/day), and a low energy intake; that is, when protein was used for energy production, the liver vitamin A storage of the piglet at birth was increased by raising either the daily protein intake during gestation to 352 g, or the food intake from 1·8 to 2·3 kg/sow/day. Liver vitamin A and N concentrations were negatively correlated with liver weight, but increasing dietary protein concentration raised liver weight and its vitamin A content. Liver vitamin A per piglet was not affected by litter size.A conclusion may not be drawn concerning the contribution of dietary energy to the differences in response between periods, because in addition to dietary changes other differences occurred between periods. Nevertheless, in the second 2-year period, when energy intake during gestation was adequate for normal growth and development, a difference of 150 g in protein intake/sow/day (363 g against 208 g) had no effect on liver weight or its vitamin A content. Furthermore, there was no significant treatment effect on total protein or albumin concentrations in the serum of the sow.

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Assay of the Nutritive Value of a Protein by its Effect on Liver Cytoplasm

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper

North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper

Liver weight and its N and vitamin A contents in piglets from sows fed two levels of protein and food

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