Assembly of Poly(vinylphosphonic acid)-Based Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers by Gadolinium Ions for the Formation of Highly Stable MRI Contrast Agents

Abstract

Mixing double-hydrophilic block copolymers containing a poly(vinylphosphonic acid) block with gadolinium ions in water leads to the spontaneous formation of polymeric nanoparticles. With an average diameter near 20 nm, the nanoparticles are stable after dilution or change of pH and ionic strength. High magnetic relaxivities were measured in vitro, and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging on rats demonstrates the high potential of such polymeric assemblies.

Simple hybrid polymeric nanostructures encapsulating macro-cyclic Gd/Eu based complexes: luminescence properties and application as MRI contrast agent

“…While Gd 3+ ·PCTA-COOH behaved similarly to DOTAREM, 24 characterized by rapid excretion in tandem with the decline in vascular space signal intensity, Gd 3+ /Zr@HPICs shows a behavior similar to the one observed for HPICs based on the complexation of double hydrophilic block copolymers comprising an outer PEG shell, as previously described in the literature. 18,19,23 Gd 3+ ·PCTA-COOH/Zr@HPICs shows an intermediate behavior. The evolution of the signal suggests that some of the complexes encapsulated in the HPICs structure are rapidly released and contribute to the observed signal enhancement in the bladder, while those interacting more strongly remain in the HPICs structure and extend the lifetime of the signal in the various organs.…”

“…10 nm, generate high water proton relaxivities in vitro and an excellent tolerance in vivo after intravenous injection into a rat model, resulting positive signal enhancement. [18][19][20] Combining different ions within the same HPIC is also a promising strategy for obtaining multifunctional systems with enhanced functions. [21][22][23][24] Hence, the insertion of zirconyl ions, reported to be without adverse effects, 25 in addition to gadolinium ions led to the formation of Gd/Zr@HPICs with enhanced stability due to strong affinity of zirconium ions for carboxylate function and improved relaxation properties.…”

Double-hydrophilic block copolymer–metal ion associations: Structures, properties and applications

“…References Aluminum [44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Barium [51][52][53][54][55][56] Cadmium [56][57][58][59] Calcium [49, 51-53, 55, 60-69] Cobalt [54,56,70,71] Copper [45,49,[70][71][72][73] Dysprosium [74] Europium [75][76][77][78][79] Gadolinium [51,75,[77][78][79][80]180] Gallium [81] Gold [14,[82][83][84][85][86] Iron [87,88,152] Lanthanum …”

Primary sulfonamide-functional polymers with controlled chain architectures by RAFT polymerisation

“…Since polymers obtained by RAFT polymerisation can bear a large array of functional groups, they are widely investigated for biomedical applications. [12][13][14] Synthetic strategies can differ depending on the nature of the functional group of interest and their position along the polymer chain, whether by direct polymerisation of a functional monomer, 15,16 post-polymerisation modification 17,18 or through the use of a RAFT agent (of general structure R-S-(CvS)-Z) bearing the chosen function. 11,19,20 The latter strategy, allowing the precise placement of one single functional group at the αor ω-chain end according to functional R-and Z-group approaches, respectively, is facilitated by the commercial availability of functional RAFT agents that can be easily modified by simple reactions (esterification, 21 amidation, 22 etc.).…”