“…Hurrell et al, 2003). The influence of (winter) NAO (wNAO) on Atlantic sea level during the instrumental era is well established (Andersson, 2002;Haigh et al, 2010;Kolker and Hameed, 2007;Miller and Douglas, 2007;Tsimplis et al, 2005Tsimplis et al, , 2006Woodworth et al, 2007;Woolf et al, 2003), but its significance in controlling dynamic sea-level variability over longer time intervals has not previously been explored. In this paper we present proxy evidence of at least two pre-industrial oscillations in sea level that broadly correlate to changes in reconstructed wNAO in the North Atlantic Ocean, highlighting the influence of ocean-atmosphere forcing on regional-scale sea-level variability during past centuries.…”