Assessing cognitive abilities and dementia in a predominantly illiterate population of older individuals in Kinmen

Hc, Liu; Chou, Pesus; Kn, Lin; Sj, Wang; Jl, Fuh; Hc, Lin; Cy, Liu; Gs, Wu; Eb, Larson; Lr, White

doi:10.1017/s0033291700027914

Cited by 112 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, we could not fully explore the interaction between education and ethnic group membership in our study because the frequency of white individuals with little to no education was very low. There are inconsistent results relating AD risk to level of education, 19,23,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57] suggesting that the level of education may be a surrogate for other, as yet unknown, exposures or experiences that occur early in life. 54 Clearly, the quantity and quality of educational experience can vary dramatically across ethnic groups in the United States.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of AD in African-Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Caucasians in northern Manhattan

Tang¹,

Cross²,

Andrews³

et al. 2001

Neurology

652

579

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Article abstract-Objective: To compare the incidence rates for AD among elderly African-American, Caribbean Hispanic, and white individuals and to determine whether coincident cerebrovascular disease contributes to the inconsistency in reported differences among ethnic groups. Methods: This was a population-based, longitudinal study over a 7-year period in the Washington Heights and Inwood communities of New York City. Annual incidence rates for AD were calculated and compared by ethnic group, and cumulative incidence adjusted for differences in education, diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and stroke was calculated. Results: The age-specific incidence rate for probable and possible AD was 1.3% (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.7) per person-year between the ages of 65 and 74 years, 4.0% (95% CI, 3.2 to 4.8) per person-year between ages 75 and 84 years, and 7.9% (95% CI, 5.5 to 10.5) per person-year for ages 85 and older. Compared to white individuals, the cumulative incidence of AD to age 90 years was increased twofold among African-American and Caribbean Hispanic individuals. Adjustment for differences in number of years of education, illiteracy, or a history of stroke, hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes did not change the disproportionate risks among the three ethnic groups. Conclusion: The incidence rate for AD was significantly higher among African-American and Caribbean Hispanic elderly individuals compared white individuals. The presence of clinically apparent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease did not contribute to the increased risk of disease. Because the proportion of African-American and Caribbean Hispanic individuals reaching ages 65 and older in the United States is increasing more rapidly than the proportion of white individuals, it is imperative that this disparity in health among the elderly be understood. NEUROLOGY 2001;56:49 -56 Prevalence and incidence rates for AD have been studied extensively throughout the world.1-20 Despite methodologic differences in these studies, most have shown a consistent rise in the frequency of AD with increasing age. Women appear to have a higher frequency of AD than men in some, but not all studies. 17,19,[21][22][23] Although the prevalence and incidence rates for dementia in Asia, China, Europe, and the United States are comparable, the types of dementia can vary. For example, the frequency of vascular dementia is reported to be higher than that of AD among East Asians 13 and JapaneseAmericans 18 compared with most populations in the United States and Europe.Only a few studies in the United States have compared the frequency of AD or other forms of dementia among major ethnic groups. No differences in the prevalence and incidence rates of AD were reported among African-American and white individuals in the Piedmont area of North Carolina participating in the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly.5 However, Gurland et al. 8 reported a higher prevalence of all types of dementia, including AD, among African-American and Hispani...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of AD in African-Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Caucasians in northern Manhattan

Tang¹,

Cross²,

Andrews³

et al. 2001

Neurology

652

579

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The exclusion criteria included the following: (1) presence of diagnoses on axis I of the DSM-IV, such as mood disorders or psychotic disorders; (2) neurobiological disorders, such as dementia, head injury, stroke, or Parkinson’s disease; (3) illiteracy, and (4) subjects with CDR >0.5 or Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument Chinese version (CASI C-2.0) [17] ≤50 to exclude possible dementia. A study by Liu et al [18] found that, when using a cut-off score of ≤50 for dementia, the sensitivity was 0.88 and the specificity was 0.94. These criteria resulted in the recruitment of a group of non-demented elderly subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were administered the CASI C-2.0 test [17] and the Wechsler Digit Span Task test (forward and backward). The CASI test, which is a 100-point cognitive test, was designed for cross-cultural studies and adapted in Chinese for individuals with little or no formal education [18]. The Wechsler Digit Span Task test requires the examiner to verbally present digits at a rate of one per second: the forward test requires the participant to repeat the digits verbatim; the backward test requires the participant to repeat the digits in reverse order.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterozygote Advantage of the MTHFR C677T Polymorphism on Specific Cognitive Performance in Elderly Chinese Males without Dementia

Tsai

Chen²,

Yeh

et al. 2011

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aims: Aging is associated with cognitive deterioration, and genetic factors are implicated in individual cognitive differences in the aged. The C677T mutation in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) yields a common thermolabile variant (T) with reduced enzyme activity and consequent elevation of serum homocysteine concentrations. We designed the present study to investigate whether this functional polymorphism may affect global and specific cognitive functions in older Chinese males without dementia. Methods: The subjects included 356 elderly males without major psychiatric disorders or dementia, who were assessed by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instruments (CASI) and the Wechsler Digit Span Task tests. Results: A significant association was found between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and total CASI scores (p = 0.012), particularly in short-term memory (p = 0.002) and concentration/mental manipulation (p = 0.007). Post hoc tests indicated that the C/T heterozygotes achieved better cognitive function test results than C/C or T/T carriers. No association was found between the MTHFR genotype and the Wechsler Digit Span Task tests. Conclusion: These results suggest that a heterozygote advantage exists for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in specific cognitive functions in elderly Chinese males without dementia.

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“…In order to minimize such problems, several studies have been conducted to adjust cut-off values of existing instruments according to education levels, or to design new tools with a lower education impact in their total scores [6][7][8][9] . Cut-offs have been proposed in Brazil for some of the main cognitive screening instruments used in elderly [10][11][12][13] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Leganés cognitive test in a low educated elderly Brazilian population

Caldas

Zunzunegui

Freire

et al. 2012

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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The increased prevalence of dementia around the world has been highlighted as one of the consequences of population aging. Estimates suggest a worldwide population of about 24 million elderly people with dementia, approximately 60% of whom are living in developing countries 1 . ABstrActObjective: To validate the Leganés cognitive test (LCT) for cognitive screening in low educated elderly Brazilians. Methods: The study sample was composed of 59 elderly residents from the city of Santa Cruz, in Brazil, with low schooling levels. Reliability was analyzed with a two-day interval between assessments, and concurrent validity was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: According to the LCT, the prevalence of dementia was 11.8%. The scale items showed a moderate to strong correlation between domains (p<0.01), and inter-rater reliability exhibited ICC=0.81, 95%CI=0.72-0.88. The factor analysis resulted in two factors: memory and orientation. Interscale agreement was considered poor (k=-0.02), supporting the hypothesis of an educational impact on final MMSE scores. Conclusion: The results suggest that LCT has acceptable levels of reliability for use in low-educated Brazilian elderly.

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Assessing cognitive abilities and dementia in a predominantly illiterate population of older individuals in Kinmen

Cited by 112 publications

References 17 publications

Incidence of AD in African-Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Caucasians in northern Manhattan

Incidence of AD in African-Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Caucasians in northern Manhattan

Heterozygote Advantage of the MTHFR C677T Polymorphism on Specific Cognitive Performance in Elderly Chinese Males without Dementia

Translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Leganés cognitive test in a low educated elderly Brazilian population

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