Assessing cognitive function following medial prefrontal stroke in the rat

Livingston-Thomas, Jessica M.; Jeffers, Matthew S.; Nguemeni, Carine; Shoichet, Molly S.; Morshead, Cindi M.; Corbett, Dale

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.053

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In order to assess working memory (or short-term memory), commonly in the BM task, test animals were given 4 (Fedorova et al 2007), 5 (Livingston-Thomas et al 2015) or 10 trials (Ryan and Vandenbergh 2006) per day. Herein, the position of the escape hole was held constant throughout all trials per 1 day but changed over to another random position at the first trial on the following day.…”

Section: Bm Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the animals were forced to re-learn the location of the escape hole every day. This is a memory activity which is believed to be dependent on the function of the prefrontal cortex (Livingston-Thomas et al 2015). The first trial each day was thus a simple trial because the animals were exposed to the new location of the escape hole.…”

Section: Bm Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first trial each day was thus a simple trial because the animals were exposed to the new location of the escape hole. Each subsequent session, following a 1-min delay (Livingston-Thomas et al 2015; Ryan and Vandenbergh 2006) or a 15-min delay (Fedorova et al 2007), was a matching-trial because the animals were re-tested with the escape hole in the same position as in the first trial of that day. Although this protocol seems to be very interesting, it needs further investigation so as to understand whether and to what extent the inter-trial interval can affect the efficiency of animals in re-learning the new location in the BM task.…”

Section: Bm Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze task in rodents—methodological consideration

Gaweł

Gibuła

Marszałek‐Grabska

et al. 2018

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

206

149

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Among the methods valuable for assessing spatial learning and memory impairments in rodents, the Barnes maze (BM) task deserves special attention. It is based on the assumption that the animal placed into the aversive environment should learn and remember the location of an escape box located below the surface of the platform. Different phases of the task allow to measure spatial learning, memory retrieval, and cognitive flexibility. Herein, we summarize current knowledge about the BM procedure, its variations and critical parameters measured in the task. We highlight confounding factors which should be taken into account when conducting BM task, discussing briefly its advantages and disadvantages. We then propose an extended version of the BM protocol which allows to measure different aspects of spatial learning and memory in rodents. We believe that this review will help to standardize the BM methodology across the laboratories and eventually make the results comparable.

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Section: Bm Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bm Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bm Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze task in rodents—methodological consideration

Gaweł

Gibuła

Marszałek‐Grabska

et al. 2018

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

206

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Behavioral studies in rodents have reported impairment in both motor (Adkins et al, 2004;Gilmour et al, 2004;Soleman et al, 2010) and cognitive function (Cordova et al, 2014;Deziel et al, 2015;Livingston-Thomas et al, 2015) after microinjection of ET-1 into the sensorimotor cortex. Tests of learning and memory and executive function have shown impairment in certain tasks that persist up to 18 weeks after ischemia (Livingston-Thomas et al, 2015). Motor performance has been investigated more extensively, where a number of studies have shown deficits in a range of motor tasks, however, the follow-up time has typically been limited to 2-4 weeks post-ischemia, although impairment in a forelimb reaching task up to 12 weeks post-ischemia has been reported (Gilmour et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Motor Deficit and Diffuse Cortical Atrophy Following Focal Cortical Ischemia in Athymic Rats

Ermine

Somaa

Wang

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Development of new stroke therapies requires animal models that recapitulate the pathophysiological and functional consequences of ischemic brain damage over timeframes relevant to the therapeutic intervention. This is particularly relevant for the rapidly developing area of stem cell therapies, where functional replacement of circuitry will require maturation of transplanted human cells over months. An additional challenge is the establishment of models of ischemia with stable behavioral phenotypes in chronically immune-suppressed animals to allow for long-term survival of human cell grafts. Here we report that microinjection of endothelin-1 into the sensorimotor cortex of athymic rats results in ischemic damage with a sustained deficit in function of the contralateral forepaw that persists for up to 9 months. The histological post-mortem analysis revealed chronic and diffuse atrophy of the ischemic cortical hemisphere that continued to progress over 9 months. Secondary atrophy remote to the primary site of injury and its relationship with long-term cognitive and functional decline is now recognized in human populations. Thus, focal cortical infarction in athymic rats mirrors important pathophysiological and functional features relevant to human stroke, and will be valuable for assessing efficacy of stem cell based therapies.

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“…For this reason, the most widely used model of focal ischemia in rodents is the MCAO model that predominantly affects sensory-motor circuits. On the other hand, ACA occlusion results in damage to the frontal lobes producing motor deficits and impairments in learning, memory and executive functions [9]. Although ACA stroke accounts for approximately 2–3% of strokes, the impairments that occur in ACA-brain areas can persist for years and are associated with higher rates of long-term post-stroke disability [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test repositioning for functional assessment of neurological outcome after experimental stroke in mice

et al. 2017

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Stroke is a cerebrovascular pathology for which the only approved treatment is fibrinolysis. Several studies have focused on the development of new drugs but none has led to effective therapies to date, due, among others, to the difficulty to evaluate clinical deficits in experimental animal models. The present study aims to explore the applicability of known behavioral tests not commonly used in ischemia for the neurological assessment of mice after experimental stroke in different brain areas. A total of 225 CD1 male mice were randomly assigned to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion by ligature (pMCAO) or permanent anterior cerebral artery occlusion by photothrombosis (pACAO) models. Modified neuroseverity score, footprint test, forced swim test and elevated plus maze were performed. Under these experimental conditions, modified neuroseverity score showed neurological impairment early after experimental stroke in both models. By contrast, the footprint test and the elevated plus maze detected short-term neurological deterioration in the pMCAO model but not in the pACAO model. Furthermore, the forced swim test identified depression-like behavior in mice after ischemia only when the left hemisphere was affected. In conclusion, we propose the repositioning of known neurobehavioral tests, but not commonly used in the stroke field, for the fast detection of neurological impairments early after ischemia, and even specific to discriminate the territory affected by arterial occlusion as well as the hemisphere where brain damage occurs. All these findings may prove useful to improve the experimental design of neuroprotective drugs in order to bridge the gap between experimental studies and clinical trials.

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Assessing cognitive function following medial prefrontal stroke in the rat

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Assessment of spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze task in rodents—methodological consideration

Assessment of spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze task in rodents—methodological consideration

Long-Term Motor Deficit and Diffuse Cortical Atrophy Following Focal Cortical Ischemia in Athymic Rats

Test repositioning for functional assessment of neurological outcome after experimental stroke in mice

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