“…idea that record keeping is generally as important for a psychologist as decision making, our question is not whether this approach can make trainees better (or comparable), learn more, and understand their strengths and weaknesses; in fact, we already know that it can given prior literature (e.g., Hoffman, 1998;Falender & Shafranske, 2007) and, presumably, by the continued certification of new practitioners in ASP. For example, competency-based training might be particularly useful for managing trainees who are failing to meet minimum standards (Grus, Falender, Fouad, & Lavelle, 2016) and as a means for assessors to measure previous and current performance more neatly (Davis & Hase, 1999;Hutter et al, 2016). Instead, our point is whether this is the best approach for developing trainees with integrated skills who can go on to reach their full potential in complex, unpredictable, and low validity settings.…”