Assessing Consumption of High-Fat Foods: The Effect of Grouping Foods into Single Questions

Serdula, Mary K.; Byers, Tim; Coates, Ralph J.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Simões, Eduardo J.; Eldridge, Laurie

doi:10.1097/00001648-199211000-00007

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Grouping of items has been shown to lead to an underestimation of intake 87 . It may be better to ask separate questions, although it has also been shown that increasing the number of items can lead to an overestimation of intake 88 (there are methods available to adjust for this -see section on Cross-check questions).…”

Section: Use Of Individual Foods Versus Groups Of Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires – a review

Cade

Thompson

Burley

et al. 2002

Public Health Nutr.

1,141

1,581

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Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide guidance on the development, validation and use of food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) for different study designs. It does not include any recommendations about the most appropriate method for dietary assessment (e.g. food-frequency questionnaire versus weighed record). Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was carried out for publications from 1980 to 1999. Findings from the review were then commented upon and added to by a group of international experts. Results: Recommendations have been developed to aid in the design, validation and use of FFQs. Specific details of each of these areas are discussed in the text. Conclusions: FFQs are being used in a variety of ways and different study designs. There is no gold standard for directly assessing the validity of FFQs. Nevertheless, the outcome of this review should help those wishing to develop or adapt an FFQ to validate it for its intended use.

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Section: Use Of Individual Foods Versus Groups Of Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires – a review

Cade

Thompson

Burley

et al. 2002

Public Health Nutr.

1,141

1,581

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, the grouping of foods, and thus the number of variables entered into the analysis procedure, will in¯uence the degree of detail captured by the emerging food patterns 33,34 . In this study the major food energy sources were basically the same as those found in similar gender and age groups of the Swedish Food Consumption Survey (i.e.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studies Of Food Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food patterns defined by cluster analysis and their utility as dietary exposure variables: a report from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

Wirfält

Mattisson

Gullberg³

et al. 2000

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To explore the utility of cluster analysis in de®ning complex dietary exposures, separately with two types of variables. Design: A modi®ed diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book and a 168-item questionnaire, assessed dietary habits. A standardized questionnaire collected information on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health history. Anthropometric information was obtained through direct measurements. The dietary information was collapsed into 43 generic food groups, and converted into variables indicating the per cent contribution of speci®c food groups to total energy intake. Food patterns were identi®ed by the QUICK CLUSTER procedure in SPSS, in two separate analytical steps using unstandardized and standardized (Z-scores) clustering variables. Setting: The Malmo È Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study, a prospective study in the third largest city of Sweden, with baseline examinations from March 1991 to October 1996. Subjects: A random sample of 2206 men and 3151 women from the MDC cohort (n = 28 098). Results: Both variable types produced conceptually well separated clusters, con®rmed with discriminant analysis.`Healthy' and`less healthy' food patterns were also identi®ed with both types of variables. However, nutrient intake differences across clusters were greater, and the distribution of the number of individuals more even, with the unstandardized variables. Logistic regression indicated higher risks of past food habit change, underreporting of energy and higher body mass index (BMI) for individuals falling into`healthy' food pattern clusters. Conclusions: The utility in discriminating dietary exposures appears greater for unstandardized food group variables. Future studies on diet and cancer need to recognize the confounding factors associated with`healthy' food patterns. Keywords Dietary patternsFood patterns Dietary exposure categories Nutrient density Standardization Z-scores Diet history EpidemiologyFoods are consumed in a number of combinations, providing a range of nutrients and other dietary factors, which interact in very complex ways. Credible hypotheses have been formulated linking diet to cancer, either through promotion of, or protection against, cancer development 1±4 . However, nutrition studies have dif®-culties in separating the effects of individual nutrients, because food sources often are the same for many nutrients (e.g. for energy and fat, for different types of fat and for plant food constituents) resulting in highly correlated variables 3±5 . Strong correlations between variables (multicolinearity) result in unstable relationships, and may cause attenuation of diet±disease relations if the variables are entered simultaneously into the same model. Reviewers have pointed out that it is dif®cult both on practical and theoretical grounds to isolate the speci®c cancer-related biological activities of single nutrients or chemicals in observational epidemiology studies, and that integrative approaches taking into account multiple dietary factors are needed 3,4 . Multiv...

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“…A weakness of the study was the use of different FFQs in the two centers which was imposed by the need to accommodate the characteristics of local diets. Indeed, the Chinese FFQ recorded detailed information, which could lead to overestimation of total energy intake [11,12]. Although we excluded unreasonable high values of energy intake and even though many Chinese women were from rural areas, the level of energy intake in the Shanghai, China cohort was still unusually high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Women in Shanghai, China in comparison to women in Boston, USA, were younger, mostly primiparae, of lower education, with lower stature and pre-pregnancy body weight and gained less weight during pregnancy (P \ 0.001 in all these comparisons). Daily energy intake during the second trimester of pregnancy, estimated on the basis of reported food consumption, was substantially higher among women in Shanghai, China (P \ 0.001); it is noted, however, that the FFQ used in Shanghai, China collected more detailed information and, hence, was more likely to lead to overestimation [11,12], than the questionnaire used in Boston, USA. The sex ratio was also significantly different between the two centers (P = 0.02).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Energy intake during pregnancy in relation to offspring gender by maternal height

et al. 2010

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Male newborns are somewhat heavier than female ones and it has been reported, in a Caucasian population, that mothers carrying boys have higher energy intake during pregnancy compared to those carrying girls. In the context of a prospective study comprising 150 Caucasian women in Boston, USA and 243 Asian women in Shanghai China, energy intake at the second trimester of pregnancy was estimated based on center-specific food frequency questionnaires. There was a significant interaction (P = 0.01) of maternal height with offspring gender with respect to maternal daily energy intake. Among taller women, male gender of the offspring was associated with higher maternal energy intake (difference 341 kcal/day, 95% Confidence Interval 77-604; P = 0.01), whereas among shorter women, no significant association existed between offspring gender and maternal daily energy intake (difference -213 kcal/day, 95% Confidence Interval -479 to 54; P = 0.12). Our findings indicate that the higher somatic growth potential of boys in intrauterine life is realized only when there are no constrains imposed by maternal anthropometry and it is, then, associated with higher maternal energy intake during pregnancy.

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Assessing Consumption of High-Fat Foods: The Effect of Grouping Foods into Single Questions

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires – a review

Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires – a review

Food patterns defined by cluster analysis and their utility as dietary exposure variables: a report from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

Energy intake during pregnancy in relation to offspring gender by maternal height

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