Assessing Coronary Artery and Aortic Calcification in Patients with Prostate Cancer Using 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET/Computed Tomography

NaF-PET Imaging of Atherosclerosis Burden

“…Lastly, Wen et al [ 9 ] demonstrated in 100 patients with multivessel disease a positive correlation between an average measure of NaF uptake proximally in all coronary arteries and NaF uptake in the arch and ascending aorta, and that coronary NaF activity is associated with peri-coronary adipose tissue density, by many is considered a player coronary atherosclerosis development due to exchange of pro-atherogenic mediators. Raynor et al [ 10 ] followed another, also modern, trend by demonstrating higher NaF uptake in the coronary arteries and aorta in prostate cancer patients than in healthy controls, an elevation of about the same level as in patients with angina pectoris.…”

“…Forty-five articles were included in this review [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ] ( Figure 1 ), to which were added selected articles on methodological and other aspects. Findings in the articles are summarized in the following sections and in Tables S1–S6 in the Supplementary Material .…”

“…Several studies dealt with one arterial bed only, i.e., coronary arteries [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 38 , 39 , 44 ], global heart [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 34 ], pulmonary arteries [ 11 ], left carotid artery [ 28 ], aorta [ 26 , 32 , 41 , 42 , 48 , 49 ], abdominal aorta [ 13 , 33 , 45 ], or several arterial beds [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 21 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 46 , 47 ]. Eight reports were experimental animal studies [ 5 , 6 , 32 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 48 , 49 ], and one was an image case report [ 44 <...…”

“…The study [ 9 ] of patients with multivessel coronary disease demonstrated as expected a positive correlation between coronary and proximal aortic NaF uptake but also demonstrated that the former was associated with perivascular fat, as described by Borges-Rosa et al [ 27 ] in patients with multiple CV risk factors. Finally, demonstration [ 10 ] of higher NaF uptake in the coronaries and aorta in patients with prostate cancer is one of series of publications [ 51 , 52 ] following the contemporary trend of studying molecular pathways shared by cancer and atherosclerosis.…”

Analysis of risk factors for benign prostate enlargement with prostate calcification

“…Prostate calcification, also known as prostate calcification lesions or calcified plaques, involves the deposition of calcium salts in the prostate acini without apparent symptoms, primarily affects men aged 40-60 years, and its etiology remains complex and unclear. The presence of prostate calcification can lead to prostate stones, prostatitis and seminal vesiculitis, often cooccurring with prostatitis and BPH [3,4]. Prostate calcification is typically not visible, and its diagnostic rate varies significantly depending on the technique used, with imaging calcification prevalence ranging from 36% to 71%, while histological identification is only around 30% [5,6].…”