Assessing Explosive Power Production Using the Backward Overhead Shot Throw and the Effects of Morning Resistance Exercise on Afternoon Performance

Ekstrand, Laura G.; Battaglini, Cláudio L.; McMurray, Robert G.; Shields, Edgar W.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182510886

Cited by 40 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A study by Cook et al (2014) found that when a 3 RM back squat protocol was performed in the morning, strength was improved when tested in the afternoon. Similarly, Ekstrand et al (2013) showed that resistance exercise in the morning improved explosive power 4–6 h later. However, afternoon and evening strength training can be positively influenced by the body’s natural circadian rhythm and optimal core temperature (Teo et al, 2011a,b) and thus may contribute at least in part to these findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Time-Course of Acute Changes in Corticospinal Excitability, Intra-Cortical Inhibition and Facilitation Following a Single-Session Heavy Strength Training of the Biceps Brachii

Latella

Hendy

Pearce

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Objective: The current understanding of acute neurophysiological responses to resistance training remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to compare the time-course of acute corticospinal responses following a single-session heavy strength training (HST) of the biceps brachii (BB) muscle and provide quantifiable evidence based on the super-compensation model in an applied setting.Methods: Fourteen participants completed a counter-balanced, cross-over study that consisted of a single HST session (5 sets × 3 repetition maximum [RM]) of the BB and a control session (CON). Single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure changes in motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, intra-cortical facilitation (ICF), short-interval intra-cortical inhibition (SICI) and long-interval intra-cortical inhibition (LICI). Additionally, maximal muscle compound wave (MMAX) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the BB were taken. All measures were taken at baseline, immediately post and at 10, 20, 30 min and 1, 2, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-training.Results: A significant reduction in MEP amplitude was observed immediately post training (P = 0.001), while MVIC (P < 0.001) and MMAX (P = 0.047) were reduced for up to 30 min post-training. An increase in MVIC (p < 0.001) and MMAX (p = 0.047) was observed at 6 h, while an increase in MEP amplitude (p = 0.014) was only observed at 48 and 72 h. No changes in SICI, ICF and LICI were observed.Conclusion: Our results suggest that: (1) acute changes in corticospinal measures returned to baseline in a shorter timeframe than the current super-compensation model (24–48 h) and (2) changes in corticospinal excitability post-HST may be modulated “downstream” of the primary motor cortex (M1).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Time-Course of Acute Changes in Corticospinal Excitability, Intra-Cortical Inhibition and Facilitation Following a Single-Session Heavy Strength Training of the Biceps Brachii

Latella

Hendy

Pearce

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…The next day, all athletes performed two different shot put tests: (a) the backward overhead shot put throw and (b) the shot put throw from the power position (Zaras et al, 2016). The backward overhead shot put throw is considered to be a whole-body power test with minimal technically demands (Ekstrand et al, 2013). However, the shot put throw from the power position is considered to be a highly technically demand throwing test.…”

Section: Shot Put Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shot put throwing tests such as the underhand hot put throw and the backward overhead shot put throw (Ekstrand et al, 2013) are used to evaluate whole-body power performance; and explosive exercises are employed for throwing performance improvement by several track and field throwers (Terzis et al, 2010;Zaras et al, 2014). Performance in backward overhead shot put throw was found to be positively correlated with the hammer throwing performance [r = 0.95, (Terzis et al, 2010)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zaras

Stasinaki²,

Methenitis³

et al. 2019

JPES

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Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a) modification in muscle architecture due to training intervention and b) neuromuscular explosive field tests results may predict competition performance in track and field throwing athletes. Methods: Eleven track and field throwers completed 10 weeks of specific training that was performed prior to the summer official national competition. Before and following the 10 weeks of training programe, track and field throwing trials, vastus lateralis muscle architecture, shot put tests, standing long jump, and 40m sprinting were evaluated. Results: Track and field throwing performance, muscle thickness, fascicle length and power-position shot put throw all increased by 5.78 ± 2.82% (P = 0.000), 6.2 ± 7.4% (P = 0.01), 10.5 ± 13.1% (P = 0.02) and 2.8 ± 3.9% (P = 0.04), respectively. Sprinting time in 40m decreased by -1.2 ± 1.0% (P = 0.004), whilst, work power output during the standing long-jump increased by 1.7 ± 2.5% (P = 0.03) when compared between pre-and post-training intervention. The power-position shot put throwing result was positively correlated with the increase in standing long-jump (r = 0.81, P < 0.01) and with the increase in 40m sprint (r = -0.63, P < 0.05) performances. The increase in muscle thickness was positively correlated with the increase in 40m sprint performance (r = 0.62, P < 0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis, combining the percentage alteration in backward shot put throw and vastus lateralis thickness with the proportional increase in track and field throwing competition performance, explains the 56% increase observed in throwing competition result. Conclusions: These results may suggest that consistent examination of muscle thickness and evaluation of throwing ability using explosive field tests during a training period both may be used to predict the increase in track and field throwing competive performance.

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“…For example, a recent study by Ingham et al 22 reported substantial improvements in 800-m time-trial performance when preceded by 200-m repetitions 3 hours before the time trial. Further research has demonstrated that morning resistance exercise can positively affect afternoon performances in elite-level athletes.…”

Section: Morning Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Preconditioning Strategies to Enhance Physical Performance on the Day of Competition

Kilduff¹,

Finn²,

Baker³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Sports scientists and strength and conditioning professionals spend the majority of the competition season trying to ensure that their athletes' training and recovery strategies are appropriate to ensure optimal performance on competition day. However, there is an additional window on the day of competition where performance can be acutely enhanced with a number of preconditioning strategies. These strategies include appropriately designed warm-up, passive heat maintenance, postactivation potentiation, remote ischemic preconditioning, and, more recently, prior exercise and hormonal priming. The aim of this review was to explore the potential practical use of these strategies and propose a theoretical timeline outlining how they may be incorporated into athlete's precompetition routine to enhance performance. For the purpose of this review the discussion is confined to strategies that may enhance performance of short-duration, high-intensity sports (eg, sprinting, jumping, throwing).

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Assessing Explosive Power Production Using the Backward Overhead Shot Throw and the Effects of Morning Resistance Exercise on Afternoon Performance

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

The Time-Course of Acute Changes in Corticospinal Excitability, Intra-Cortical Inhibition and Facilitation Following a Single-Session Heavy Strength Training of the Biceps Brachii

The Time-Course of Acute Changes in Corticospinal Excitability, Intra-Cortical Inhibition and Facilitation Following a Single-Session Heavy Strength Training of the Biceps Brachii

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Preconditioning Strategies to Enhance Physical Performance on the Day of Competition

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