Assessing indoor thermal comfort of rock-cut architecture in Meymand world heritage site during winter and summer

Energy consumption and thermal comfort of rock-cut and modern buildings

“…These elements, which are present in historical and vernacular architectural structures, can contribute to energy efficiency within a passive system [ [8] , [9] , [10] ]. Rock-cut architecture, a subtype of vernacular architecture, utilizes subterranean mass heating to create a space with minimal temperature fluctuations [ [11] , [12] , [13] ]. Throughout history, the structures of this architectural style have found broader application in harsh climates such as warm and arid or cold regions.…”